Department of Computational Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mons, Avenue du Champs de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium,
Psychiatr Danub. 2024 Sep;36(Suppl 2):15-19.
This review explores the interplay between neurobiological, psychological, and social factors that underpin moral behavior and motivation. Integrating insights from neuropsychiatry, it examines the roles of key brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and anterior cingulate cortex, as well as neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, in shaping moral reasoning and ethical decision-making. The historical evolution of moral motivation theories, from ancient philosophy to modern psychological and neurobiological perspectives, provides a foundation for understanding intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, emotional influences, and the impact of social norms and cultural contexts. The review also addresses the effects of psychiatric disorders on moral behavior, highlighting how conditions like antisocial personality disorder, frontotemporal dementia, and schizophrenia can lead to moral deficits. By presenting a multidisciplinary approach, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of moral motivation and behavior, emphasizing the importance of fostering ethical conduct and addressing moral challenges in clinical, educational, and societal settings.
本综述探讨了神经生物学、心理学和社会因素之间的相互作用，这些因素是道德行为和动机的基础。它整合了神经精神病学的见解，研究了关键大脑区域的作用，如前额叶皮层、杏仁核和前扣带皮层，以及神经递质，如血清素和多巴胺，它们在塑造道德推理和伦理决策中的作用。从古代哲学到现代心理学和神经生物学观点，道德动机理论的历史演变为理解内在和外在动机、情感影响以及社会规范和文化背景的影响提供了基础。该综述还探讨了精神障碍对道德行为的影响，强调了反社会人格障碍、额颞叶痴呆和精神分裂症等病症如何导致道德缺陷。通过呈现一种多学科的方法，本综述提供了对道德动机和行为的全面理解，强调了在临床、教育和社会环境中培养道德行为和应对道德挑战的重要性。
