Department of Psychology, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia.
Department of Social Psychology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie University, Lublin, Poland.
PLoS One. 2021 Jun 10;16(6):e0252721. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252721. eCollection 2021.
A review of the literature on moral issues indicates that none of the empirical approaches to moral reasoning proposes an experimental approach which controls for such object-related experimental variables as: knowledge, motivation, acceptance of moral norms and consequences of human behavior in moral situations in a single research procedure. A unique element of the proposed experimental method is a multi-stage model determining morality indicators. In the two-phase design experiment, psychology students were asked to create model ethical stories and then conduct an overall assessment of each of these stories. As a result, a base of ethical stories was created with empirical moral indicators (positive, negative, neutral). The patterns in the moral evaluation of ethical stories were determined by identifying three processes (selection, differentiation and integration). The final result is a confirmed design of the experiment and a set of formulas that can be used in education and research on morality reasoning.
文献综述表明,没有任何一种经验主义方法提出一种实验方法,能够在单一研究程序中控制与道德推理相关的实验变量,如:知识、动机、对道德规范的接受以及道德情境中人类行为的后果。所提出的实验方法的一个独特要素是一个多阶段模型,用于确定道德指标。在两阶段设计实验中,要求心理学学生创作模型伦理故事,然后对每个故事进行全面评估。结果,创建了一个具有经验道德指标(正面、负面、中性)的伦理故事基础。通过识别三个过程(选择、区分和整合)来确定对伦理故事的道德评价模式。最终的结果是实验的确认设计和一组公式,可用于道德推理的教育和研究。