Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston MA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence RI, USA.
Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA.
Cortex. 2024 Nov;180:78-93. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.08.003. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
Previous studies have found that face perception deficits do not fully account for the severity of face recognition deficits in developmental prosopagnosia (DP). Researchers have begun identifying deficient memory mechanisms such as impaired face recollection, but these findings require replication, and further characterization of additional memory deficits is necessary. Our goals were to replicate prior findings of face recollection impairment in DP and extend these findings to assess different types of face associative memory. We had 69 DPs and 99 controls perform a face perception battery as well as three face memory tasks: 1) Old/New task with confidence ratings to calculate recollection and familiarity using ROC analysis, 2) Face/Scene task to examine remember-know judgments and contextual memory for faces, and 3) Face-Name/Occupation task to assess the ability to learn semantic associations with faces. Compared to controls, DPs showed poorer recollection and familiarity across both Old/New and Face/Scene tasks as well as reduced scene accuracy for correct faces. Of these differences, only Old/New recollection remained significant after controlling for group differences in face perception abilities. In the Face-Name/Occupation task, after controlling for face perception, DPs showed poorer recall of names than controls but performed similarly in recalling occupations. Finally, we found that DPs with major, mild, and no face perception deficits showed consistent impairments in Old/New recollection and face-naming, and larger perceptual deficits were associated with larger memory deficits. Together, these results provide several mechanistic insights into the nature of memory deficits in DPs and have diagnostic and treatment implications.
先前的研究发现，面孔感知缺陷并不能完全解释发展性面孔失认症（DP）中面孔识别缺陷的严重程度。研究人员已经开始识别出有缺陷的记忆机制，例如受损的面孔再认，但这些发现需要复制，并且需要进一步描述其他记忆缺陷。我们的目标是复制 DP 中面孔再认损伤的先前发现，并扩展这些发现以评估不同类型的面孔联想记忆。我们让 69 名 DP 和 99 名对照组进行面孔感知测试，以及三项面孔记忆任务：1）使用 ROC 分析计算再认和熟悉度的旧/新任务，并进行信心评分，2）面孔/场景任务，以检查面孔的记得-知道判断和上下文记忆，3）面孔-名字/职业任务，以评估与面孔学习语义关联的能力。与对照组相比，DP 在旧/新和面孔/场景任务中表现出较差的再认和熟悉度，以及正确面孔的场景准确性降低。在这些差异中，只有 Old/New 再认在控制了面孔感知能力的组间差异后仍然显著。在面孔-名字/职业任务中，在控制了面孔感知后，DP 的名字回忆比对照组差，但回忆职业时表现相似。最后，我们发现，具有主要、轻度和无面孔感知缺陷的 DP 在 Old/New 再认和面孔命名方面表现出一致的损伤，并且较大的感知缺陷与较大的记忆缺陷相关。总的来说，这些结果为 DP 中记忆缺陷的性质提供了一些机制上的见解，并具有诊断和治疗意义。
