Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology & Head/Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Research Scientist, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Cognition. 2025 Jan;254:105987. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105987. Epub 2024 Oct 26.
Prior work has suggested that visual working memory as measured in change detection tasks can be based on recollection, whereby participants consciously identify a specific feature of a stimulus that has changed, or on familiarity, whereby participants sense that a change has occurred but are unable to consciously access what has changed. Whether recollection and familiarity also contribute to auditory working memory is unclear. The present study aims to address that gap in knowledge by having participants make confidence judgments in change detection tests for speech sounds and pure tones. The results indicated that both recollection and familiarity contribute to auditory working memory across a variety of conditions, and showed that these two processes are functionally dissociable. With speech sounds, subjects were better able to detect syllable changes compared to tone or location changes, and this benefit reflected a selective increase in recollection rather than familiarity. Moreover, for pure tones, both recollection and familiarity also contributed to performance, but recollection was found to be selectively eliminated under stimulus-limited test conditions (i.e., noise-masked, brief dichotic presentations). The results indicate that recollection and familiarity contribute to auditory working memory in a manner that is functionally similar to that observed in visual working memory.
先前的研究表明，变化检测任务中测量的视觉工作记忆可以基于再认，即参与者有意识地识别出刺激中已发生变化的特定特征，或者基于熟悉度，即参与者感觉到发生了变化，但无法有意识地访问已发生变化的内容。再认和熟悉度是否也有助于听觉工作记忆尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过让参与者在语音和纯音的变化检测测试中做出置信判断来填补这一知识空白。结果表明，在各种条件下，再认和熟悉度都有助于听觉工作记忆，并且表明这两个过程在功能上是可分离的。对于语音，与音调或位置变化相比，被试更能检测到音节变化，这种好处反映了再认的选择性增加，而不是熟悉度的增加。此外，对于纯音，再认和熟悉度都有助于表现，但在刺激受限的测试条件下（即噪声掩蔽、短暂的双耳呈现），发现再认被选择性地消除。结果表明，再认和熟悉度有助于听觉工作记忆，其方式与在视觉工作记忆中观察到的方式在功能上相似。
