Enhanced Staphylococcus aureus protection by uncoupling of the α-toxin-ADAM10 interaction during murine neonatal vaccination.

Staphylococcus aureus remains a leading global cause of bacterial infection-associated mortality and has eluded prior vaccine development efforts. S. aureus α-toxin (Hla) is an essential virulence factor in disease, impairing the T cell response to infection. The anti-Hla antibody response is a correlate of human protective immunity. Here we observe that this response is limited early in human life and design a vaccine strategy to elicit immune protection against Hla in a neonatal mice. By targeted disruption of the interaction of Hla with its receptor ADAM10, we identify a vaccine antigen (Hla, Hla) that elicits an ~100-fold increase in the neutralizing anti-Hla response. Immunization with Hla enhances the T follicular helper (T) cell response to S. aureus infection, correlating with the magnitude of the neutralizing anti-toxin response and disease protection. Furthermore, maternal Hla immunization confers protection to offspring. Together, these findings illuminate a path for S. aureus vaccine development at the maternal-infant interface.