Providers' use of pharmacogenetic testing to inform opioid prescribing among veterans.

To survey Veterans Health Administration providers who prescribed tramadol or codeine to patients with known genotyping for cytochrome 2D6 () to ascertain awareness of their patient's pharmacogenetic (PGx) test status, whether these results influenced prescribing, perceived benefit of PGx testing, and resources needed to obtain and deliver PGx testing information. A provider survey was conducted of those who prescribed tramadol or codeine in a patient genotyped for . Of 876 eligible providers, 220 completed the survey. Ten percent were aware that their patient received a PGx test, 64% had not ordered any PGx test related to any medication in the prior year, 55% strongly agreed or agreed that PGx testing is or will be valuable to guide pain medication prescriptions, 29% felt that the evidence base for PGx testing is very strong or moderately strong, 22% responded likely or extremely likely to order a future PGx test, and 51% felt that it would be either very important or fairly important to have a local subject matter expert as a resource for PGx testing. There are modifiable factors that the Veterans Health Administration could address to optimize PGx testing for pain management.