Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. Dos Santos, 100, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-990, Brazil.
Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, S/N, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil.
Mol Genet Genomics. 2024 Oct 9;299(1):96. doi: 10.1007/s00438-024-02190-x.
DNA transposons are diverse in fish genomes and have been described to generate genomic evolutionary novelties. hAT transposable element data are scarce in Teleostei genomes, making it challenging to conduct comparative genomic studies to understand their neutrality or function. This study aimed to perform a genomic and molecular characterization of hAT copies to assess the diversity of these elements and associate changes in these sequences to genomic and karyotypic novelties in Apareiodon sp. The data revealed that hAT TEs are highly abundant in the Apareiodon sp. genome, with few possibly autonomous copies. Highly conserved sequences with likely functional transposases were observed in nine hAT elements. A great diversity of hAT subgroups was observed, especially from Ac, Charlie, Blackjack, Tip100, hAT6, and hAT5, and a similar wave of hAT genomic invasion was identified in the genome for these six groups of hAT sequences. The data also revealed a distinct number of microsatellites within degenerated hAT copies. hAT sites were demonstrated to be dispersed in the Apareiodon sp. chromosomes and not involved in W chromosome-specific region differentiation. In conclusion, the genomic analysis revealed a great diversity of hAT elements, possible autonomous copies, and differentiation of degenerated transposable elements into tandem sequences.
DNA 转座子在鱼类基因组中具有多样性，并被描述为产生基因组进化的新颖性。在硬骨鱼类基因组中，hAT 转座元件的数据很少，这使得进行比较基因组研究以了解它们的中性或功能具有挑战性。本研究旨在对 hAT 拷贝进行基因组和分子特征分析，以评估这些元件的多样性，并将这些序列的变化与 Apareiodon sp. 的基因组和染色体新颖性联系起来。研究结果表明，hAT TEs 在 Apareiodon sp. 基因组中高度丰富，只有少数可能是自主拷贝。在九个 hAT 元件中观察到高度保守的序列，可能具有功能性转座酶。观察到 hAT 亚群的多样性很大，特别是来自 Ac、Charlie、Blackjack、Tip100、hAT6 和 hAT5，这六个 hAT 序列组的基因组入侵也存在类似的浪潮。研究结果还揭示了在退化的 hAT 拷贝内存在大量微卫星。研究表明，hAT 位点分散在 Apareiodon sp. 染色体中，不参与 W 染色体特异性区域的分化。总之，基因组分析揭示了 hAT 元件的多样性、可能的自主拷贝以及退化转座元件分化为串联序列的情况。
