Abhishek Shubham, Ghosh Annesha, Pandey Bhanu
CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826001, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Oct 9. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-35217-2.
Fly ash (FA) and red mud (RM) are industrial byproducts generated by thermal power plants and the aluminum industry, respectively. The huge generation of FA and RM is a significant global issue, and finding a safe and sustainable disposal method remains a challenge. These dumps contain harmful trace elements that have a significant impact on the environment and human health. It contributes to air, water, and soil pollution, disrupting the delicate balance of the ecosystems. It also introduces toxins into the food chain through biomagnification. Utilizing a vegetation cover can assist in addressing environmental health concerns associated with FA and RM dumps. Nevertheless, the presence of alkaline pH, toxic metals, the absence of soil microbes, and the pozzolanic properties of both FA and RM pose challenges to plant growth. Taking a comprehensive approach to the ecological restoration of these dumps through phytoremediation is crucial. This review examines the role of various factors in the ecological restoration of FA and RM dumps, specifically the use of naturally occurring plants. However, the issue of slow plant growth due to a lack of nutrients and microbial activities is being resolved through various advances, such as amendments in conjunction with organic matter, microbial inoculants, and the use of genetically modified plants. Research has demonstrated the benefits of using amendments to stimulate vegetation growth on FA and RM dumps. In this review, we explore various approaches to restoring FA and RM dumps and transforming them into productive sites that enhance the ecosystem services.
粉煤灰（FA）和赤泥（RM）分别是火力发电厂和铝工业产生的工业副产品。大量的粉煤灰和赤泥是一个重大的全球问题，找到一种安全且可持续的处置方法仍然是一项挑战。这些废渣含有有害微量元素，对环境和人类健康有重大影响。它会导致空气、水和土壤污染，破坏生态系统的微妙平衡。它还会通过生物放大作用将毒素引入食物链。利用植被覆盖有助于解决与粉煤灰和赤泥废渣相关的环境卫生问题。然而，碱性pH值、有毒金属的存在、土壤微生物的缺乏以及粉煤灰和赤泥的火山灰特性对植物生长构成了挑战。通过植物修复对这些废渣进行全面的生态修复至关重要。本综述探讨了各种因素在粉煤灰和赤泥废渣生态修复中的作用，特别是天然植物的利用。然而，由于缺乏养分和微生物活动导致植物生长缓慢的问题正在通过各种进展得到解决，例如与有机物质结合的改良剂、微生物接种剂以及转基因植物的使用。研究已经证明了使用改良剂来促进粉煤灰和赤泥废渣上植被生长的益处。在本综述中，我们探索了恢复粉煤灰和赤泥废渣并将其转化为增强生态系统服务的生产性场地的各种方法。
