Reducing CRISPR-Cas9 off-target effects by optically controlled chemical modifications of guide RNA.

A photocatalytic click chemistry approach, offering a significant advancement over conventional methods in RNA function modulation is described. This innovative method, utilizing light-activated small molecules, provides a high level of precision and control in RNA regulation, particularly effective in intricate cellular processes. By applying this strategy to CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we demonstrate its effectiveness in enhancing gene editing specificity and markedly reducing off-target effects. Our approach employs a vinyl ether modification in RNA, which activated under visible light with a phenanthrenequinone derivative, creating a CRISPR-OFF switch that precisely regulates CRISPR system activity. This method not only represents an advancement in genomic interventions but also offers broad applications in gene regulation, paving the way for safer and more reliable gene editing in therapeutic genomics.