Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium; Liver Research Center Ghent, Universiteit Gent, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 1;954:176717. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176717. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are abundantly used in a plethora of products with applications in daily life. As a result, PFAS are widely distributed in the environment, thus providing a source of exposure to humans. The majority of human exposure to PFAS is attributed to the human diet, which encompasses drinking water. Their chemical nature grants persistent, accumulative and toxic properties, which are currently raising concerns. Over the past few years, adverse effects of PFAS on different organs have been repeatedly documented. Numerous epidemiological studies established a clear link between PFAS exposure and liver toxicity. Likewise, effects of PFAS on liver homeostasis, lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism and hepatocarcinogenesis have been reported in various in vitro and in vivo studies. This review discusses the role of PFAS in liver toxicity with special attention paid to human relevance as well as to the mechanisms underlying the hepatotoxic effects of PFAS. Future perspectives and remaining knowledge gaps were identified to enhance future PFAS risk assessment.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）广泛应用于日常生活中的众多产品中。因此，PFAS 在环境中广泛分布，从而为人类提供了暴露源。人类接触 PFAS 的主要途径是饮食，包括饮用水。其化学性质赋予了它们持久性、累积性和毒性，这引起了人们的关注。在过去的几年中，PFAS 对不同器官的不良影响反复被记录下来。大量的流行病学研究表明，PFAS 暴露与肝毒性之间存在明确的联系。同样，在各种体外和体内研究中也报道了 PFAS 对肝内稳态、脂质代谢、胆汁酸代谢和肝癌发生的影响。这篇综述讨论了 PFAS 在肝毒性中的作用，特别关注其与人类的相关性以及 PFAS 产生肝毒性的机制。为了加强未来的 PFAS 风险评估，确定了未来的展望和遗留的知识空白。
