Chang Mingyang, Chi Changliang, Zheng Zuozhu, Zhang Ming, Lv Jianing, Wang Xiaoqing
The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2024 Sep 25;15:1478394. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1478394. eCollection 2024.
Drug infusion therapy after surgery for urothelial carcinoma is an effective measure to reduce cancer recurrence rate. Hydrogels are drug carriers with good biocompatibility and high drug loading capacity, which can optimize the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the urinary system to improve the therapeutic effect. Compared with the traditional free drug perfusion, the hydrogel drug loading system can still maintain effective drug concentration in the face of continuous urinary flushing due to its good mucosal adhesion effect. The significantly prolonged drug retention time can not only improve the therapeutic effect of drugs, but also reduce the discomfort and risk of urinary tract infections caused by frequent drug infusion, and improve patient compliance. In addition, the combination of hydrogel with nanoparticles and magnetic materials can also improve the mucosal permeability and targeting effect of the hydrogel drug loading system, so as to overcome the mucus layer of urinary epithelium and the physiological barrier of tumor and minimize the impact on normal tissue and cell functions. At present, the research of hydrogels for urothelial cancer treatment involves chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, inhibition of metabolism and multi strategy synergistic therapy. This review summarizes the research progress of hydrogels for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma, hoping to provide a reference for the future research of safe, reliable, effective, and advanced hydrogels with little side effects.
尿路上皮癌术后的药物灌注治疗是降低癌症复发率的有效措施。水凝胶是具有良好生物相容性和高载药能力的药物载体，可优化药物在泌尿系统中的药代动力学以提高治疗效果。与传统的游离药物灌注相比，水凝胶载药系统由于其良好的黏膜黏附效果，在面对持续的尿液冲刷时仍能维持有效的药物浓度。显著延长的药物保留时间不仅可以提高药物的治疗效果，还可以减少频繁药物灌注引起的不适和尿路感染风险，并提高患者的依从性。此外，水凝胶与纳米颗粒和磁性材料的结合还可以提高水凝胶载药系统的黏膜通透性和靶向效果，从而克服尿路上皮的黏液层和肿瘤的生理屏障，并最大限度地减少对正常组织和细胞功能的影响。目前，用于治疗尿路上皮癌的水凝胶研究涉及化疗、免疫治疗、基因治疗、代谢抑制和多策略协同治疗。本文综述了水凝胶治疗尿路上皮癌的研究进展，希望为未来研发安全、可靠、有效且副作用小的先进水凝胶提供参考。
