Sagar Nitin, Chakravarti Bandana, Maurya Shailendra S, Nigam Anshul, Malakar Pushkar, Kashyap Rajesh
Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
Center for Advanced Research (Stem Cell/Cell Culture Lab), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024 Sep 23;12:1385365. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1385365. eCollection 2024.
3D-printed scaffolds have emerged as an alternative for addressing the current limitations encountered in bone reconstruction. This study aimed to systematically review the feasibility of using 3D bio-printed scaffolds as a material for bone grafting in animal models, focusing on femoral and tibial defects. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and overall impact of these scaffolds on bone regeneration.
Electronic databases were searched using specific search terms from January 2013 to October 2023, and 37 relevant studies were finally included and reviewed. We documented the type of scaffold generated using the 3D printed techniques, detailing its characterization and rheological properties including porosity, compressive strength, shrinkage, elastic modulus, and other relevant factors. Before incorporating them into the meta-analysis, an additional inclusion criterion was applied where the regenerated bone area (BA), bone volume (BV), bone volume per total volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th.), trabecular number (Tb. N.), and trabecular separation (Tb. S.) were collected and analyzed statistically.
3D bio-printed ceramic-based composite scaffolds exhibited the highest capacity for bone tissue regeneration (BTR) regarding BV/TV of femoral and tibial defects of animal models. The ideal structure of the printed scaffolds displayed optimal results with a total porosity >50% with a pore size ranging between 300- and 400 µM. Moreover, integrating additional features and engineered macro-channels within these scaffolds notably enhanced BTR capacity, especially observed at extended time points.
In conclusion, 3D-printed composite scaffolds have shown promise as an alternative for addressing bone defects.
3D打印支架已成为解决当前骨重建中遇到的局限性的一种替代方法。本研究旨在系统评价在动物模型中使用3D生物打印支架作为骨移植材料的可行性，重点关注股骨和胫骨缺损。本研究的主要目的是评估这些支架对骨再生的有效性、安全性和总体影响。
使用特定检索词检索2013年1月至2023年10月的电子数据库，最终纳入并综述了37项相关研究。我们记录了使用3D打印技术生成的支架类型，详细描述了其表征和流变学特性，包括孔隙率、抗压强度、收缩率、弹性模量和其他相关因素。在将它们纳入荟萃分析之前，应用了一项额外的纳入标准，即收集并统计分析再生骨面积（BA）、骨体积（BV）、骨体积与总体积之比（BV/TV）、小梁厚度（Tb.Th.）、小梁数量（Tb.N.）和小梁间距（Tb.S.）。
对于动物模型股骨和胫骨缺损的BV/TV，3D生物打印的陶瓷基复合支架表现出最高的骨组织再生（BTR）能力。打印支架的理想结构显示出最佳结果，总孔隙率>50%，孔径在300至400微米之间。此外，在这些支架中整合额外的特征和工程宏观通道显著增强了BTR能力，尤其是在延长的时间点观察到。
总之，3D打印复合支架已显示出作为解决骨缺损的替代方法的前景。
