Konno Kiyohiro, Itaya Atsushi, Kizuka Tomohiro, Ono Seiji
Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
Department of Physical Education, Hokkaido University of Education, 9, Hokumonntyou, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 070-8621, Japan.
Gait Posture. 2024 Oct;114:215-221. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.10.001. Epub 2024 Oct 2.
Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) play an important role in feedforward control of dynamic movements, such as jump shot performance in basketball. It is known that jump shot performance declines under pressure from a defender (shot blocker).
Does pressure from a shot blocker affect the APAs of a jump shot in basketball? Is jump shot performance in basketball associated with APAs?
Fourteen healthy male university basketball players performed jump shots under pressure and non-pressure (free) conditions by a shot blocker. Using a force plate, the APAs were defined as occurring until the point of thrust (TH) phase, and ground reaction force (GRF) and center of pressure (COP) at that moment were assessed. To assess jump shot performance, the maximum GRF during the TH phase (TH), jumping height, and success score of the shot (accuracy score: AS) were measured by using the vertical component of the force plate. Two-way ANOVA examined the effects of the phase and condition on APA duration. The effects of pressure from a shot blocker on each variable (subjective pressure intensity, AS, GRF, and COP) were analyzed using a pairwise t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Relationships between changes in jump shot performance and GRF or COP variables were assessed via Spearman's correlation analysis. Differences between the pressure and free conditions were denoted by p/f (pressure/free).
The APA duration was shorter under the pressure condition compared to the free condition. The TH and jump height values were greater under the pressure condition relative to the free condition. Across conditions, changes in COP sway velocity of the APA phase were significantly and negatively correlated with AS.
The results of this study suggest that pressure from a shot blocker shortens APA duration and decreases jump shot performance.
预期姿势调整（APAs）在动态运动的前馈控制中起着重要作用，比如篮球跳投。众所周知，在防守球员（盖帽者）的压力下，跳投表现会下降。
盖帽者的压力会影响篮球跳投的预期姿势调整吗？篮球跳投表现与预期姿势调整有关吗？
14名健康的男性大学篮球运动员在有盖帽者压力和无压力（自由）条件下进行跳投。使用测力台，预期姿势调整被定义为直到推力（TH）阶段发生，此时评估地面反作用力（GRF）和压力中心（COP）。为了评估跳投表现，使用测力台的垂直分量测量TH阶段的最大地面反作用力（TH）、跳跃高度和投篮成功得分（准确度得分：AS）。双向方差分析检验阶段和条件对预期姿势调整持续时间的影响。使用配对t检验或Wilcoxon符号秩检验分析盖帽者压力对每个变量（主观压力强度、AS、GRF和COP）的影响。通过Spearman相关分析评估跳投表现变化与GRF或COP变量之间的关系。压力和自由条件之间的差异用p/f（压力/自由）表示。
与自由条件相比，压力条件下预期姿势调整持续时间更短。与自由条件相比，压力条件下TH和跳跃高度值更大。在所有条件下，预期姿势调整阶段的COP摆动速度变化与AS显著负相关。
本研究结果表明，盖帽者的压力会缩短预期姿势调整持续时间并降低跳投表现。
