Zhou Qizhao, Wu Shiguang, Zhang Jiashun, Pan Zhengye, Kang Ziye, Ma Yunchao
College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 30;25(13):4104. doi: 10.3390/s25134104.
This study aims to investigate the effect of shot selection on the muscle coordination characteristics during basketball shooting.
A three-dimensional motion capture system, force platform, and wireless surface electromyography (sEMG) were used to simultaneously collect shooting data from 14 elite basketball players. An inverse mapping model of sEMG signals and spinal α-motor neuron pool activity was developed based on the Debra muscle segment distribution theory. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and K-means clustering were used to extract muscle coordination features.
(1) Significant differences in spinal segment activation timing and amplitude were observed between stationary and jump shots at different distances. In close-range stationary shots, the C5-S3 segments showed higher activation during the TP phase and lower activation during the RP phase. For mid-range shots, the C6-S3 segments exhibited greater activation during the TP phase. In long-range shots, the C7-S3 segments showed higher activation during the TP phase, whereas the L3-S3 segments showed lower activation during the RP phase ( < 0.01). (2) The spatiotemporal structure of muscle coordination modules differed significantly between stationary and jump shots. In terms of spatiotemporal structure, the second and third coordination groups showed stronger activation during the RP phase ( < 0.01). Significant differences in muscle activation levels were also observed between the coordination modules within each group in the spatial structure.
Shot selection plays a significant role in shaping neuromuscular control strategies during basketball shooting. Targeted training should focus on addressing the athlete's specific shooting weaknesses. For stationary shots, the emphasis should be on enhancing lower limb stability, while for jump shots, attention should be directed toward improving core stability and upper limb coordination.
本研究旨在探讨投篮选择对篮球投篮过程中肌肉协调特征的影响。
使用三维运动捕捉系统、测力平台和无线表面肌电图（sEMG）同时收集14名精英篮球运动员的投篮数据。基于黛布拉肌肉节段分布理论建立了sEMG信号与脊髓α运动神经元池活动的逆映射模型。采用非负矩阵分解（NMF）和K均值聚类提取肌肉协调特征。
（1）在不同距离的原地投篮和跳投之间，观察到脊髓节段激活时间和幅度存在显著差异。在近距离原地投篮中，C5-S3节段在TP期表现出较高的激活，而在RP期表现出较低的激活。对于中距离投篮，C6-S3节段在TP期表现出更大的激活。在远距离投篮中，C7-S3节段在TP期表现出较高的激活，而L3-S3节段在RP期表现出较低的激活（<0.01）。（2）原地投篮和跳投之间肌肉协调模块的时空结构存在显著差异。在时空结构方面，第二和第三协调组在RP期表现出更强的激活（<0.01）。在空间结构上，每组内的协调模块之间也观察到肌肉激活水平的显著差异。
投篮选择在篮球投篮过程中塑造神经肌肉控制策略方面起着重要作用。有针对性的训练应侧重于解决运动员特定的投篮弱点。对于原地投篮，重点应放在增强下肢稳定性上，而对于跳投，应注重提高核心稳定性和上肢协调性。
