Arias J R, Miles M A, Naiff R D, Povoa M M, de Freitas R A, Biancardi C B, Castellon E G
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1985 Nov;34(6):1098-108. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.1098.
Flagellate infections were found in 1,063 of 18,895 sand flies collected in the states of Amazonas, Pará, Rondonia and Acre, Brazil. Infection rates were 13.4% (species group Shannoni); 7.5% (subgenus Nyssomyia); 6.7% (subgenus Lutzomyia series Cruciata); 0.5% (genus Psychodopygus) and 3.1% for other sand flies (various subgenera). Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis and L. mexicana amazonensis were isolated, respectively, from the known vectors, Lutzomyia umbratilis and L. flaviscutellata. Single stocks of L. braziliensis-like and L. mexicana-like organisms were isolated, respectively, from L. whitmani and L. yuilli. Thirty-eight flagellate stocks, isolated by direct culture from sand flies were characterized in detail by morphology in culture, behavior in hamsters and mice and by enzyme profiles. Sixteen stocks from Lutzomyia sp. (Shannoni group) were identified as Endotrypanum schaudinni; 8 stocks from Lutzomyia sp. (Shannoni group) were identified as Endotrypanum sp.; 7 stocks from Psychodopygus ayrozai and P. paraensis were identified as Leishmania sp. previously isolated from the armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus; 2 stocks of Trypanosoma rangeli were isolated from recently fed Lutzomyia sp. (Shannoni group) sand flies; the remaining 5 stocks from L. umbratilis and L. yuilli could not be identified. Observations suggested that Shannoni group sand flies were the natural vectors of Endotrypanum. Leishmania sp. infections in the man-biting flies P. ayrozai and P. paraensis were restricted to the midgut and associated with recent bloodmeals. Unidentified flagellates in L. umbratilis and L. yuilli were distributed throughout the digestive tract with no trace of bloodmeals.
在巴西亚马逊州、帕拉州、朗多尼亚州和阿克里州采集的18895只白蛉中，有1063只发现了鞭毛虫感染。感染率分别为：13.4%（香农尼种群）；7.5%（奈氏白蛉亚属）；6.7%（克鲁ciata系列卢氏白蛉亚属）；0.5%（灵蛉属）以及其他白蛉（各亚属）为3.1%。从已知的传播媒介，即荫蔽卢氏白蛉和黄盾卢氏白蛉中，分别分离出巴西利什曼原虫圭亚那亚种和墨西哥利什曼原虫亚马逊亚种。分别从惠氏卢氏白蛉和尤氏卢氏白蛉中分离出单株类巴西利什曼原虫样和类墨西哥利什曼原虫样生物体。通过直接培养从白蛉中分离出的38株鞭毛虫，通过培养中的形态学、在仓鼠和小鼠中的行为以及酶谱进行了详细表征。来自卢氏白蛉属（香农尼种群）的16株被鉴定为肖丁内氏内锥虫；来自卢氏白蛉属（香农尼种群）的8株被鉴定为内锥虫属；来自阿约扎伊灵蛉和帕拉伊巴灵蛉的7株被鉴定为先前从九带犰狳中分离出的利什曼原虫属；从近期进食的卢氏白蛉属（香农尼种群）白蛉中分离出2株兰氏锥虫；其余来自荫蔽卢氏白蛉和尤氏卢氏白蛉的5株无法鉴定。观察结果表明，香农尼种群白蛉是内锥虫的天然传播媒介。叮咬人类的阿约扎伊灵蛉和帕拉伊巴灵蛉中的利什曼原虫属感染局限于中肠，且与近期的血餐有关。荫蔽卢氏白蛉和尤氏卢氏白蛉中未鉴定的鞭毛虫分布于整个消化道，无血餐痕迹。
