Ostendorf C S, Ghaffari M H, Cohrs I, Koch C, Sauerwein H
Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumühle, 67728 Münchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany.
Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
J Dairy Sci. 2025 Jan;108(1):464-484. doi: 10.3168/jds.2024-25435. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
This study investigated the long-term effects of feeding 5-d transition milk (TRANS) compared with milk replacer (MR) on parameters including intake, growth, feeding behavior, and oxidative stress. Fifty Holstein calves (30 females and 20 males) were fed 12 L/d of either TRANS or MR for the first 5 d after an initial colostrum feeding of 3.5 L. Thereafter, all calves were fed with 12 L of MR/d (140 g/L) and were gradually weaned starting in wk 8 until wk 14. Throughout the 14 wk, the calves had unrestricted access to concentrate (up to 9.8 kg/calf per day), hay, and water. After weaning all heifers were fed a TMR for young cows. Oxidative status was assessed in blood samples from birth to first insemination. Parameters assessed included the ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) for antioxidant capacity and the concentration of reactive oxygen metabolites via detection of reactive oxygen metabolites (dROM) assay. In addition, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and oxidative damage in the form of lipid peroxidation as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were measured. An oxidative stress index was calculated: dROM/FRAP × 100. Total protein concentration was also quantified via Bradford assay. The only significant difference in feeding behavior between the 2 treatment groups was a higher concentrate intake by the TRANS calves during the weaning phase. Body weight and ADG did not differ significantly between the TRANS and MR groups. The TRANS calves showed a trend for fewer cases of health disorders. Markers of oxidative status, including TBARS, AOPP, GSHPx, FRAP, and reactive oxygen metabolites, showed no treatment effects but varied significantly over time. Of note, the oxidative stress index, as ratio between pro- and antioxidants in both groups, peaked during weaning and then returned to baseline, suggesting an effective response to this transition phase. Overall, the results indicate that feeding TRANS during the first 5 d of life had no long-term effect on the parameters studied as compared with MR feeding under the present rearing conditions. These results provide insight into the changes of oxidative status with age and confirm that the relatively high milk feeding level, with slow and late weaning, enables calves to adapt well to solely solid feed.
本研究调查了与代乳粉（MR）相比，饲喂5天过渡乳（TRANS）对犊牛摄入量、生长、采食行为和氧化应激等参数的长期影响。50头荷斯坦犊牛（30头雌性和20头雄性）在初次饲喂3.5升初乳后的前5天，每天分别饲喂12升TRANS或MR。此后，所有犊牛每天饲喂12升MR（140克/升），并从第8周开始逐渐断奶至第14周。在整个14周期间，犊牛可自由采食精料（每天每头犊牛最多9.8千克）、干草和水。断奶后，所有小母牛均饲喂青年母牛全混合日粮（TMR）。从出生到首次输精期间，对血液样本的氧化状态进行评估。评估的参数包括用于抗氧化能力的血浆铁还原能力（FRAP）以及通过检测活性氧代谢产物（dROM）测定法测定的活性氧代谢产物浓度。此外，还测量了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSHPx）的活性以及以硫代巴比妥酸反应物质（TBARS）和晚期氧化蛋白产物（AOPP）形式存在的脂质过氧化形式的氧化损伤。计算氧化应激指数：dROM/FRAP×100。还通过Bradford测定法定量总蛋白浓度。两个处理组之间采食行为的唯一显著差异是TRANS组犊牛在断奶阶段的精料摄入量较高。TRANS组和MR组之间的体重和平均日增重没有显著差异。TRANS组犊牛出现健康问题的情况有减少的趋势。氧化状态指标，包括TBARS、AOPP、GSHPx、FRAP和活性氧代谢产物，没有显示出处理效应，但随时间有显著变化。值得注意的是，作为两组中促氧化剂与抗氧化剂之比的氧化应激指数在断奶期间达到峰值，然后恢复到基线，表明对这个过渡阶段有有效的反应。总体而言,结果表明，在本饲养条件下，与饲喂MR相比，在生命的前5天饲喂TRANS对所研究的参数没有长期影响。这些结果为氧化状态随年龄的变化提供了见解，并证实相对较高的牛奶饲喂水平、缓慢和较晚的断奶方式使犊牛能够很好地适应仅采食固体饲料。
