Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Adv Nutr. 2024 Nov;15(11):100310. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100310. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the literature regarding the impact of variations in dietary intake, both between- and within-day, on adiposity and glucose metabolism. We included observational and experimental articles obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and gray literature until 9 October, 2023, evaluating the impact of between- or within-day variations in meal, energy, or macronutrient intake on these outcomes. Our focus was on adults aged ≥18 y, spanning both healthy individuals and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Given the diverse range of exposures, treatments, and outcomes among the selected articles, we chose a qualitative synthesis approach to effectively analyze the data. Eighty articles from 43 observational and 37 experimental studies were included, involving 89,178 participants. Patterns of dietary intake variation were identified and systematically organized into distinct categories based on similarities. Between-day variations in dietary intake consisted of between-day variations in both the quantity consumed and meal timing. Meanwhile, within-day variations encompassed factors such as eating window, meal omission, within-day meal timing, within-day variation in dietary intake quantity, and temporal distribution. Despite mixed results, time-restricted eating was generally associated with lower adiposity. However, limited control for total daily energy intake (TDEI) suggests that the contribution of lower energy intake cannot be conclusively excluded. Conversely, the adverse effect of meal omission on glucose parameters was consistently supported by randomized trials. Interestingly, the results showed that consuming a substantial portion of TDEI in the morning may increase the likelihood of observing improvements in adiposity. Furthermore, inconsistencies in outcomes across articles examining the effects in healthy compared with T2DM populations, or in energy-sufficient compared with deficient individuals, indicate potential condition-specific effects. These findings support the need for further investigation into the effects of between- and within-day variations in dietary intake to better understand their impact on adiposity and glucose homeostasis. This review was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42020214307.
本系统评价旨在全面评估饮食摄入的日间和日内变化对肥胖和葡萄糖代谢的影响。我们纳入了来自 PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane 图书馆和灰色文献的观察性和实验性文章，这些文章评估了膳食、能量或宏量营养素摄入的日间或日内变化对这些结果的影响。我们的重点是年龄≥18 岁的成年人，包括健康个体和 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者。鉴于所选文章中暴露、治疗和结果的多样性，我们选择了定性综合方法来有效地分析数据。共纳入 43 项观察性研究和 37 项实验研究的 80 篇文章，涉及 89178 名参与者。根据相似性，将饮食摄入变化模式识别并系统地组织成不同类别。饮食摄入的日间变化包括消耗数量和用餐时间的日间变化。同时，日内变化包括进食窗口、漏餐、日内用餐时间、日内饮食摄入数量变化和时间分布等因素。尽管结果不一致，但限时进食通常与较低的肥胖率相关。然而，对总每日能量摄入（TDEI）的控制有限表明，不能排除较低能量摄入的贡献。相反，随机试验一致支持漏餐对葡萄糖参数的不利影响。有趣的是，结果表明，在早上摄入大量 TDEI 可能会增加观察到肥胖改善的可能性。此外，在检查健康人群与 T2DM 人群、能量充足人群与不足人群之间的影响的文章中，结果不一致表明可能存在特定条件的影响。这些发现支持进一步研究饮食摄入的日间和日内变化对肥胖和葡萄糖稳态的影响，以更好地理解其影响。本综述已在 PROSPERO 中注册，注册号为 CRD42020214307。
