Junkes Larissa, Gomes Marleide da Mota, Nardi Antonio E
Laboratory of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Mental Health History, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
J Hist Neurosci. 2025 Jan-Mar;34(1):101-106. doi: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2401469. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
António Egas Moniz, born in 1874, was a pioneer in neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry who brought about important changes in the 1920s using groundbreaking brain imaging techniques, such as cerebral angiography. This innovative procedure allowed the visualization of brain structures, leading to many advances in neurology and neurosurgery. Moniz also made noteworthy contributions to psychosurgery, including the development of prefrontal lobotomy. Although initially praised for his inventive techniques, lobotomy sparked ethical debates and public controversies due to its adverse effects and questionable scientific foundation. Moniz's was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 and received various honors in Portugal for his scientific, literary, and artistic achievements. His work continues to influence the field of neuroscience, and angiography remains a crucial imaging method for diagnosing and treating brain disorders. Moniz's complex legacy highlights the intricate balance between medical advances, ethical considerations, and public perceptions in the history of medicine.
安东尼奥·埃加斯·莫尼斯生于1874年，是神经学、神经外科和精神病学领域的先驱，他在20世纪20年代运用开创性的脑成像技术，如脑血管造影术，带来了重大变革。这一创新程序使脑结构可视化，推动了神经学和神经外科的诸多进展。莫尼斯还在精神外科领域做出了值得注意的贡献，包括前额叶白质切除术的发展。尽管最初因其创新技术而受到赞誉，但由于其不良影响和可疑的科学基础，白质切除术引发了伦理辩论和公众争议。莫尼斯于1949年被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，并因其科学、文学和艺术成就在葡萄牙获得了各种荣誉。他的工作继续影响着神经科学领域，血管造影术仍然是诊断和治疗脑部疾病的关键成像方法。莫尼斯复杂的遗产凸显了医学史上医学进步、伦理考量和公众认知之间错综复杂的平衡。
