Mumtaz Mugheera Ali, Rehman Atiq Ur, Ayub Muhammad, Muhammad Fazal, Raza Muhammad Waleed, Iqbal Sheeraz, Elbarbary Z M S, Alsenani Theyab R
Department of Electrical Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan.
Department of Electronic Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 10;14(1):23736. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74540-z.
The industrial sector of Pakistan is currently facing severe load-shedding, which ultimately affects its unit production. The greater dependency on conventional energy resources (Thermal, Nuclear, etc.) results in higher production costs and environmental pollution. A sustainable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly solution can help the industrial growth of Pakistan. This article proposes an optimal hybrid energy system (HES) for the industrial sector of Pakistan to overcome the mentioned challenges. The proposed HES is developed in HOMER Pro. Three different energy cases (Case I: Existing energy system including a utility grid and diesel generator, Case II: On-grid Biogas system, and Case III: On-grid PV system with batteries) are considered for the Gourmet food Industry in the Sundar Industrial estate, Pakistan. The Load profile of the selected site was calculated through on-site visits and data provided by the designated utility grid feeder. The analysis shows that Case III is more effective than other cases, indicating reduced Net Present Cost (NPC), Cost of Energy (COE), and Operating Cost (OC) to $ 19.2 million, $0.034/kWh, and $ 573,371/year respectively. Moreover, the On-grid PV system with batteries (Case III) provides an environmentally friendly solution by reducing 63.82% [Formula: see text] by and 62.22% [Formula: see text]. Comparing the sensitivity analysis for various grid sell-back prices ($0/kWh, $0.043/kWh, $0.061/kWh, and $0.09/kWh), Case III is more cost-effective than Case II. The revenue generation in Case III is $128,499.41/yr, considering the supply of excess electricity into nearby small industrial loads at $0.065/kWh, this indicates that installing optimal HES in industries will not only help in overall cost reduction but also support in mitigating environmental pollution and load shedding.
巴基斯坦工业部门目前正面临严重的停电问题，这最终影响了其单位产量。对传统能源（热能、核能等）的高度依赖导致生产成本上升和环境污染。一个可持续、经济高效且环保的解决方案有助于巴基斯坦的工业发展。本文提出了一种优化的混合能源系统（HES），以应对巴基斯坦工业部门面临的上述挑战。所提出的混合能源系统是在HOMER Pro中开发的。针对巴基斯坦桑达尔工业园区的美食行业，考虑了三种不同的能源方案（方案一：现有能源系统，包括公用电网和柴油发电机；方案二：并网沼气系统；方案三：带电池的并网光伏系统）。通过实地考察和指定公用电网馈线提供的数据，计算了所选地点的负荷曲线。分析表明，方案三比其他方案更有效，其净现值（NPC）、能源成本（COE）和运营成本（OC）分别降至1920万美元、0.034美元/千瓦时和573371美元/年。此外，带电池的并网光伏系统（方案三）通过减少[公式：见原文]63.82%和[公式：见原文]62.22%，提供了一个环保的解决方案。比较不同电网回购价格（0美元/千瓦时、0.043美元/千瓦时、0.061美元/千瓦时和0.09美元/千瓦时）的敏感性分析，方案三比方案二更具成本效益。方案三的年发电量为128499.41美元，考虑到以0.065美元/千瓦时的价格向附近小型工业负荷供应多余电力，这表明在工业中安装优化的混合能源系统不仅有助于降低总体成本，还能支持减轻环境污染和停电问题。
