School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
Toxicon. 2024 Nov 6;250:108120. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108120. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
Snakebite envenomation (SBE) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) with an approximate 1.8 million cases annually. The tremendous figure is concerning, and the currently available treatment for snakebite envenomation is antivenom. However, the current antivenom has limited cross-neutralisation activity due to the variations in snake venom composition across species and geographical locations. The proteomics of medically important venomous species is essential as they study the venom compositions within and among different species. The advancement of sophisticated proteomic approaches allows intensive investigation of snake venoms. Nevertheless, there is a need to consolidate the venom proteomics profiles and distribution analysis to examine their variability patterns. This review systematically analysed the proteomics and toxicity profiles of medically important venomous species from Asia across different geographical locations. An interactive dashboard - Asiatic Proteomics Interactive Datasets was curated to consolidate the distribution patterns of the venom compositions, serve as a comprehensive directory for large-scale comparative meta-analyses. The population proteomics demonstrate higher diversities in the predominant venom toxins. Besides, inter-regional differences were also observed in Bungarus sp., Naja sp., Calliophis sp., and Ophiophagus hannah venoms. The elapid venoms are predominated with three-finger toxins (3FTX) and phospholipase A (PLA). Intra-regional variation is only significantly observed in Naja naja venoms. Proteomics diversity is more prominent in viper venoms, with widespread dominance observed in snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) and snake venom serine protease (SVSP). Correlations exist between the proteomics profiles and the toxicity (LD) of the medically important venomous species. Additionally, the predominant toxins, alongside their pathophysiological effects, were highlighted and discussed as well. The insights of interactive toxico-proteomics datasets provide comprehensive frameworks of venom dynamics and contribute to developing antivenoms for snakebite envenomation. This could reduce misdiagnosis of SBE and accelerate the researchers' data mining process.
蛇伤（SBE）是一种被忽视的热带病（NTD），每年约有 180 万例。这个巨大的数字令人担忧，目前治疗蛇伤的方法是抗蛇毒血清。然而，由于蛇毒成分在不同物种和地理位置上的变化，目前的抗蛇毒血清的交叉中和活性有限。医学上重要的有毒物种的蛋白质组学是必不可少的，因为它们研究不同物种之间和内部的毒液成分。先进的蛋白质组学方法的进步允许对蛇毒液进行深入研究。然而，需要整合毒液蛋白质组学图谱和分布分析，以检查它们的可变性模式。本综述系统分析了亚洲不同地理位置医学上重要的有毒物种的蛋白质组学和毒性图谱。创建了一个交互式仪表板 - Asiatic Proteomics Interactive Datasets，以整合毒液成分的分布模式，作为大规模比较元分析的综合目录。种群蛋白质组学显示主要毒液毒素的多样性更高。此外，在 Bungarus sp.、Naja sp.、Calliophis sp. 和 Ophiophagus hannah 毒液中也观察到了区域间差异。眼镜蛇毒液主要含有三指毒素（3FTX）和磷脂酶 A（PLA）。仅在 Naja naja 毒液中观察到区域内差异。蛋白质组学多样性在蝰蛇毒液中更为突出，蛇毒金属蛋白酶（SVMP）和蛇毒丝氨酸蛋白酶（SVSP）广泛占主导地位。医学上重要的有毒物种的蛋白质组学图谱与毒性（LD）之间存在相关性。此外，还突出并讨论了主要毒素及其病理生理作用。交互式毒理学蛋白质组学数据集的见解提供了毒液动力学的综合框架，并有助于开发用于蛇伤的抗蛇毒血清。这可以减少 SBE 的误诊，并加速研究人员的数据挖掘过程。
