Ding M Z, Hou Y F, Tian T, Jiang Z G
Occupational and Radiological Health Department, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weihai 264200, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2024 Sep 20;42(9):712-715. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20240306-00084.
To analyze the occupational disease hazards in stone processing enterprises in Weihai City to provide scientific basis for occupational disease prevention. From January 2021 to December 2022, 107 stone processing enterprises in Weihai City were selected to collect the detection status of occupational hazard factors in the workplace through on-site investigation and on-site monitoring of occupational hazard factors. The diagnostic reports on occupational diseases and suspected occupational diseases of 780 workers were collected through the Occupational Diseases and Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the occupational health monitoring files of the occupational health examination institutions and the information data of the occupational disease diagnosis institutions. The differences between the measurement data were analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method. 107 stone processing enterprises were mainly focused on granite processing, and the average free silica content in granite was 32.92% (12.78%-47.84%). The over-standard rate of silica dust was 0.31% (6/1920), and the over-standard rate of noise was 86.20% (1324/1536). Among them, the noise intensity of cutting position was the highest[120.5 dB (A) ]. The over-standard rates of noise in cutting, water grinding, dry grinding (polishing) and material preparation (forklift transportation) were 98.05%, 89.55%, 70.00% and 42.62%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (<0.05). Among 780 workers, 31 cases (3.97%) of suspected silicosis were detected, and 13 cases (1.67%) were diagnosed with silicosis. 51 cases (6.54%) of suspected occupational noise deafness were detected, and 11 cases (1.41%) were diagnosed with occupational noise deafness. Silicon dust and noise in some positions of stone processing enterprises in Weihai City exceed the standard, and supervision should be strengthened, prevention and control measures should be implemented to protect the occupational health of workers.
分析威海市石材加工企业职业病危害状况，为职业病防治提供科学依据。2021年1月至2022年12月，选取威海市107家石材加工企业，通过现场调查和职业病危害因素现场监测，收集工作场所职业病危害因素检测情况。通过中国疾病预防控制中心职业病与危害因素监测信息系统、职业健康检查机构职业健康监护档案及职业病诊断机构信息数据，收集780名劳动者职业病及疑似职业病诊断报告。计量资料差异比较采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法。107家石材加工企业主要以花岗岩加工为主，花岗岩中游离二氧化硅含量平均为32.92%（12.78%～47.84%）。矽尘超标率为0.31%（6/1920），噪声超标率为86.20%（1324/1536）。其中切割岗位噪声强度最高[120.5 dB（A）]。切割、水磨、干磨（抛光）、备料（叉车转运）岗位噪声超标率分别为98.05%、89.55%、70.00%、42.62%，差异有统计学意义（<0.05）。780名劳动者中，检出疑似矽肺31例（3.97%），确诊矽肺13例（1.67%）。检出疑似职业性噪声聋51例（6.54%），确诊职业性噪声聋11例（1.41%）。威海市部分石材加工企业岗位矽尘和噪声超标，应加强监管，落实防控措施，保护劳动者职业健康。
