Newman David B, Balkaya-Ince Merve, Nelson Jenae, Tsang Jo-Ann, Schnitker Sarah A
Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Cogn Emot. 2024 Oct 12:1-8. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2399715.
Gratitude has been studied in the context of human social relationships primarily, but relatively less is known about gratitude in relation to a deity. We extended this research by studying gratitude among Muslim American adolescents, an understudied population, by comparing feelings of gratitude to Allah with feelings of gratitude to people in their associations with affect in daily life. Muslim adolescents (= 202) participated in an Ecological Momentary Assessment study by completing up to three momentary reports each day during three separate weeks. Within-person results showed that both forms of gratitude were positively associated with concurrent happiness and calmness and were negatively associated with concurrent anxiety and sadness, though gratitude to people was a stronger predictor of happiness than gratitude to Allah. Most of the associations between gratitude to people and affect were stronger when youth felt less grateful to Allah, thus supporting a compensation model in which one form of gratitude offsets lower levels in the other. Lagged associations indicated that gratitude to people more consistently predicted greater subsequent feelings of happiness and calmness, whereas happiness and calmness consistently predicted greater subsequent feelings of gratitude to Allah. Results have implications for how distinct forms of gratitude may differentially influence affect.
感恩主要是在人类社会关系的背景下进行研究的，但对于与神灵相关的感恩却知之甚少。我们通过研究美国穆斯林青少年（这是一个研究较少的群体）来扩展这项研究，将对真主的感恩之情与对日常生活中交往之人的感恩之情进行比较，并考察它们与情感的关系。202名穆斯林青少年参与了一项生态瞬时评估研究，在三个不同的星期里，他们每天最多完成三份瞬时报告。个体内部的研究结果表明，两种形式的感恩都与当下的幸福和平静呈正相关，与当下的焦虑和悲伤呈负相关，不过对人的感恩比对真主的感恩更能预测幸福感。当青少年对真主的感恩之情较低时，对人的感恩与情感之间的大多数关联更强，这支持了一种补偿模型，即一种感恩形式可以弥补另一种感恩形式较低的水平。滞后关联表明，对人的感恩更能持续预测随后更强的幸福感和平静感，而幸福和平静则持续预测随后对真主更强的感恩之情。研究结果对于不同形式的感恩如何不同地影响情感具有启示意义。
