Department of Forestry Engineering, Bartin University, 74100, Bartin, Turkey.
Department of Industrial Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Oct 12;196(11):1046. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-13155-3.
Earth observation (EO) provides dynamic scientific methods for tracking and defining ecological parameters in mountainous regions. Open-source platforms are frequently utilized in this context to efficiently collect and evaluate spatial data. In this study, we used Collect Earth (CE), an open-source land monitoring platform, to reveal and assess land cover, land cover change, and relevant ecological parameters such as drought risk. Mountain ecosystems were subject to an evaluation for the first time by combining remote sensing with a hybridization of Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for neutrosophic sets in risk assessment problems of several connected criteria. The high and dispersed high alpine environment of Türkiye accommodates land with relatively less human influence, making it suitable to observe climate change impacts. In the framework of the study, we evaluated more than two decades (2000-2022) of land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the mountain regions of the country. Using nine identified ecological parameters, we also evaluated drought risk. The parameters included were the LULC classes and their change, elevation, slope, aspect, precipitation, temperature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), water deficit, and evapotranspiration (ET). The risk map we produced revealed a high to very high drought risk for almost throughout the Türkiye's mountainous areas. We concluded that integrating geospatial techniques with hybridization is promising for mapping drought risk, helping policymakers prepare effective drought mitigation measures to reasonably adapt to climate change impacts.
地球观测（EO）为追踪和定义山区生态参数提供了动态的科学方法。在这种情况下，经常使用开源平台来高效地收集和评估空间数据。在本研究中，我们使用了开源土地监测平台 Collect Earth（CE），通过将遥感与决策试验和评价实验室（DEMATEL）、层次分析法（AHP）和理想解逼近排序法（TOPSIS）的杂交相结合，首次对山区生态系统进行了评估，用于评估涉及多个关联标准的风险评估问题中的中性集。土耳其的高山环境高且分散，拥有相对较少人类影响的土地，非常适合观察气候变化的影响。在研究框架内，我们评估了该国山区二十多年（2000-2022 年）的土地利用和土地覆盖变化。我们还使用了九个确定的生态参数评估了干旱风险。这些参数包括土地利用/土地覆盖类别及其变化、海拔、坡度、坡向、降水、温度、归一化植被指数（NDVI）、水分亏缺和蒸散量（ET）。我们生成的风险图显示，土耳其山区几乎都存在高到极高的干旱风险。我们得出结论，将地理空间技术与杂交相结合对于绘制干旱风险图是有前途的，可以帮助决策者制定有效的干旱缓解措施，以合理适应气候变化的影响。
