German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Cologne, Germany; IST University of Applied Sciences, Department of Fitness and Health, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Toxicol Lett. 2024 Nov;401:181-189. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.10.005. Epub 2024 Oct 11.
Plant steroids such as ecdysterone (ECDY) or diosgenin (DIO) have been associated with anabolic and performance-enhancing effects for years. However, the molecular mechanisms have not yet been extensively studied in skeletal muscle cells. Consequently, the anabolic activity and associated molecular mechanisms of ECDY and DIO alone and in combination were investigated in C2C12 myotubes. Dose-dependent effects of both compounds on myotube diameter, mRNA expression of IGF-1 and PI3KR1 as well as expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) proteins were analyzed in differentiated C2C12 cells. In addition, the binding affinities to androgen and estrogen receptors were analyzed. Treatment with ECDY and DIO significantly induced hypertrophy of C2C12 myotubes. Partially additive effects were observed. This is supported by the mRNA expression of IGF-1 and PI3KR1 as well as in the expression of MHC. However, no clear statement can be made regarding which combination has the strongest additive effects. Besides the results suggest that, in contrast to ECDY, DIO has antiandrogenic effects and bind on AR. Consequently, it indicate that two different mechanisms of action are activated in ECDY and DIO combinations. However, this must be confirmed in further cell cultures studies and human interventions concerning anti-doping regulations.
植物甾体如蜕皮甾酮（ECDY）或薯蓣皂苷元（DIO）多年来一直与合成代谢和性能增强效果相关。然而，其在骨骼肌细胞中的分子机制尚未得到广泛研究。因此，本研究旨在研究 ECDY 和 DIO 单独和联合应用于 C2C12 肌管中的合成代谢活性及其相关的分子机制。在分化的 C2C12 细胞中分析了两种化合物对肌管直径、IGF-1 和 PI3KR1 的 mRNA 表达以及肌球蛋白重链（MHC）蛋白表达的剂量依赖性影响。此外，还分析了它们与雄激素和雌激素受体的结合亲和力。ECDY 和 DIO 的处理显著诱导了 C2C12 肌管的肥大。观察到部分相加作用。这得到了 IGF-1 和 PI3KR1 的 mRNA 表达以及 MHC 表达的支持。然而，对于哪种组合具有最强的相加作用，尚无法得出明确的结论。除了结果表明，与 ECDY 相反，DIO 具有抗雄激素作用并与 AR 结合。这表明 ECDY 和 DIO 组合中激活了两种不同的作用机制。然而，这必须在进一步的细胞培养研究和涉及反兴奋剂规定的人类干预中得到证实。
