Wei Zengwu, Wang Xue, Zhou Mingjiong, Papović Snežana, Zheng Kun, Świerczek Konrad, Wu Jinghua, Xin Xing
School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China.
Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
Small. 2024 Dec;20(51):e2407395. doi: 10.1002/smll.202407395. Epub 2024 Oct 13.
Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are among the most promising candidates for future battery technology due to their high theoretical capacity and energy density. However, the formation of dendritic Li, characterized by needle-like structures, poses serious safety issues. To address this, numerous methods are developed to prevent Li dendrite formation. Another significant challenge in LMBs is the formation of inactive Li, known as dead Li, which significantly impacts their Coulombic efficiency and overall performance. This review explores the issues surrounding dead Li in LMBs, specifically focusing on electrically isolated Li metal and the repeatedly generated solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Advanced techniques for characterizing inactive Li are discussed, alongside various strategies designed to activate or suppress dead Li, thus restoring battery capacity. The review summarizes recent advancements in research related to the activation, reuse, and prevention of dead Li, offering valuable insights for enhancing the efficiency and safety of LMBs. This comprehensive overview provides fundamental guidance for the practical application of Li metal anodes and similar metal batteries.
锂（Li）金属电池（LMBs）因其高理论容量和能量密度，是未来电池技术最具潜力的候选者之一。然而，以针状结构为特征的枝晶锂的形成带来了严重的安全问题。为了解决这一问题，人们开发了许多方法来防止锂枝晶的形成。LMBs中的另一个重大挑战是形成无活性锂，即所谓的死锂，这对其库仑效率和整体性能有显著影响。本综述探讨了LMBs中围绕死锂的问题，特别关注电绝缘锂金属和反复生成的固体电解质界面（SEI）。讨论了表征无活性锂的先进技术，以及旨在激活或抑制死锂从而恢复电池容量的各种策略。该综述总结了近期在死锂的激活、再利用和预防方面的研究进展，为提高LMBs的效率和安全性提供了有价值的见解。这一全面概述为锂金属负极及类似金属电池的实际应用提供了基本指导。
