Santos Abdias Gomes Dos, Vieira Magda Rosângela Santos, Silva Flávio José da, Bouchonneau Nadège
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, CEP: 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 26;10(19):e38536. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38536. eCollection 2024 Oct 15.
Lead-acid batteries need to evolve to keep up with the electrification of vehicles and not lose ground to other technologies. The grid designed using a lead alloy thus plays a very important role in the performance of the battery, as, in the course of the various cycles, this component undergoes a natural corrosion process at positive potential, while immersed in a sulfuric acid solution. The aim of this study is therefore to examine the effect of the addition of calcium and bismuth on the microstructure, mechanical behavior and corrosion resistance of the Pb1.5%Sn alloy, with a view to using this in the positive grid of lead-acid batteries. The alloys developed during this study were evaluated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties were investigated using universal tensile and hardness tests. Electrochemical tests of cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were carried out in a 5M sulfuric acid solution at 25 °C to simulate the behavior of the alloy when in operation. The composition of the corrosion products formed were subsequently characterized by morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy and the composition was determined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results indicate that the Pb1.5Sn0.12Bi alloy presented better corrosion resistance characteristics than the Pb1.5Sn0.05Ca alloy, making it suitable for inclusion in the composition of the positive electrode of a lead-acid battery. Further investment is however required to compensate for the shortcomings in relation to the mechanical properties of the material.
铅酸电池需要不断发展以跟上车辆电气化的步伐，避免在与其他技术的竞争中落后。因此，采用铅合金设计的极板栅在电池性能中起着非常重要的作用，因为在各种循环过程中，该部件在浸入硫酸溶液时，在正电位下会经历自然腐蚀过程。因此，本研究的目的是研究添加钙和铋对Pb1.5%Sn合金的微观结构、力学性能和耐腐蚀性的影响，以期将其用于铅酸电池的正极板栅。本研究中开发的合金使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜进行评估。使用万能拉伸试验和硬度试验研究力学性能。在25°C的5M硫酸溶液中进行循环伏安法、计时电流法和电化学阻抗谱的电化学测试，以模拟合金在运行时的行为。随后通过扫描电子显微镜进行形态分析对形成的腐蚀产物的成分进行表征，并使用能量色散X射线光谱和X射线衍射分析确定其成分。结果表明，Pb1.5Sn0.12Bi合金比Pb1.5Sn0.05Ca合金具有更好的耐腐蚀性，使其适合用于铅酸电池正极的组成。然而，需要进一步投资来弥补材料力学性能方面的不足。
