Alo Charissa, Kioka Mutsumi J
Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas 89106, USA.
Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Department of Internal Medicine, 625 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas 89106, USA.
Toxicol Rep. 2024 Sep 20;13:101739. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101739. eCollection 2024 Dec.
3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA) has gained significance over the years, especially at rave festivals, as a recreational drug for its noted effects in mood enhancement and autonomic stimulation. While these effects have been noted, severe adverse outcomes, and even death, following the ingestion of MDMA have been recorded. We present a 35-year-old male who ingested the drug at the Electric Daisy Carnival (EDC), the largest electronic dance music festival in North America as of 2024 [1]. Every year, many young adults are brought to local hospitals from the festival for drug overdoses, hyperthermia, and dehydration. At the festival, the patient was witnessed to have a seizure, presented with altered mental status and deemed hyperthermic at 109 degrees Fahrenheit. For these reasons, he was rapidly intubated and submerged in an ice bath at the festival's medical tent. At the county hospital, the patient was diagnosed with multiorgan failure, cerebrovascular ischemia, and coagulopathy. He received life-saving treatment such as continuous renal replacement therapy as well as intubation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. MRI of the brain showed central- embolic infarcts and the patient was closely monitored in the intensive care unit (ICU) for eight days. After twenty days of inpatient treatment, the patient was discharged. He was discharged with his mental status at baseline and without gross neurologic deficits. A permacath was placed for hemodialysis to be continued outpatient. This case report highlights the importance of prompt medical management which can be crucial for patient survival following a life-threatening overdose with MDMA. It also exemplifies the need for increasing social awareness regarding the severe and detrimental outcomes an MDMA overdose can cause as this drug continues to be widely used in the setting of rave and music festivals.
3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺(摇头丸)多年来愈发引人关注,尤其是在锐舞节上,作为一种消遣性药物,它因能提升情绪和刺激自主神经系统而备受青睐。尽管有这些效果,但服用摇头丸后出现严重不良后果甚至死亡的情况也有记录。我们报告一名35岁男性,他在美国最大的电子舞曲音乐节——截至2024年的北美电子雏菊狂欢节(EDC)上服用了这种药物。每年,都有许多年轻人因药物过量、体温过高和脱水从该音乐节被送往当地医院。在音乐节上,有人目睹该患者癫痫发作,出现精神状态改变,体温高达华氏109度,被判定为体温过高。出于这些原因,他在音乐节的医疗帐篷里迅速接受插管并被放入冰浴中。在县医院,该患者被诊断为多器官功能衰竭、脑血管缺血和凝血病。他接受了诸如持续肾脏替代治疗以及因急性低氧性呼吸衰竭进行插管等挽救生命的治疗。脑部磁共振成像显示有中心栓塞性梗死,患者在重症监护病房(ICU)密切监测了八天。经过二十天的住院治疗,患者出院。出院时他的精神状态恢复到基线水平,没有明显的神经功能缺损。放置了一个长期导管用于门诊继续进行血液透析。本病例报告强调了及时医疗管理的重要性,这对于摇头丸危及生命的过量服用后患者的生存可能至关重要。它还例证了提高社会对摇头丸过量服用可能导致的严重有害后果的认识之必要性,因为这种药物在锐舞节和音乐节场合仍被广泛使用。