Interparental and Parent-Teen Relationships during Adolescence as Predictors of Intra- and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Young Adulthood.

Parents' contributions to their children's emotion regulation during adolescence has been a relatively understudied interpersonal context of development, even though parents' roles as sources of social and emotional learning persist from childhood into adolescence and the complexity of teens' lives grows during this time. This study aims to investigate the differential predictive utility of qualities and behaviors in interparental and parent-teen relationships during adolescence for predicting youths' development of intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation over a 13-year period. To assess these hypotheses, data were obtained from a longitudinal, multi-method, multi-informant study of 184 adolescents (107 Caucasian, 53 African American, and 24 mixed/other ethnicity; median family income of USD 40,000-60,000/year in 1999, equivalent to about USD 75,000-112,000/year when accounting for inflation) and their parents. The results provide support for a differential pattern of prediction; qualities of interparental relationships in early adolescence were significant predictors of young adult interpersonal emotion regulation, whereas behaviors in interparental and parent-teen relationships in late adolescence were significant predictors of both young adult positive intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation. Notably, some father-reported relationship predictors during late adolescence had unexpected relations with later intrapersonal emotion regulation. The results are discussed in terms of the helpfulness of these specific relationship factors during each part of adolescence for supporting positive intra- and interpersonal emotional regulation development.