气候变化对儿童健康的影响：证据缺口地图综述。

Impact of climate change on child outcomes: an evidence gap map review.

机构信息

University of Alberta Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Faculty of Nursing Edmonton, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

出版信息

BMJ Paediatr Open. 2024 Oct 14;8(1):e002592. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002592.

DOI:10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002592

PMID:39401971

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11474898/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Climate change and extreme weather events significantly threaten neonatal and child health. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on the impact of climate change on child health, using the evidence gap map (EGM) to address knowledge gaps and establish a foundation for evidence-based interventions and future research.

METHOD

From inception, academic databases (such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL and Scopus) and grey literature were systematically searched. We included climate change-related studies involving children aged 0-5 worldwide. Covidence facilitated a rigorous screening process, and we conducted a critical appraisal. Two independent reviewers handled screening and data extraction. Eligible studies underwent coding and extraction using Evidence for Policy and Practice Information (EPPI) reviewer software. The EGM was constructed using EPPI Mapper, and comprehensive findings were presented through live links and figures.

RESULT

We identified 196 studies, comprising 59.2% children and 40.8% neonates, with diverse research approaches, including 94% quantitative studies. There has been a notable increase in research publications over the past 5 years. Evidence is heavily concentrated in Asia (93 studies) and Africa (47 studies). The most frequently studied exposures are those related to extreme climate events, followed by drought and floods. However, there are gaps in the study of extreme cold and storms. The significant outcomes comprised preterm birth (55 studies), low birth weight (27 studies), malnutrition (59 studies) and diarrhoeal diseases (28 studies). Evidence on mental health problems and congenital disabilities receives relatively less attention.

CONCLUSION

This EGM is crucial for researchers, policymakers and practitioners. It highlights knowledge gaps and guides future research to address the evolving threats of climate change to global child health.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

INPLASY202370086.

摘要

背景

气候变化和极端天气事件对新生儿和儿童健康构成了重大威胁。本综述旨在通过证据差距图（EGM）全面概述气候变化对儿童健康的影响，以解决知识空白，并为循证干预和未来研究奠定基础。

方法

从一开始，就系统地搜索了学术数据库（如 MEDLINE、EMBASE、全球卫生、CINAHL 和 Scopus）和灰色文献。我们纳入了涉及全球 0-5 岁儿童的与气候变化相关的研究。Covidence 协助进行了严格的筛选过程，并进行了批判性评估。两位独立的审查员负责筛选和数据提取。合格的研究使用 EPPI 审查员软件进行编码和提取。使用 EPPI Mapper 构建 EGM，并通过实时链接和图表呈现综合结果。

结果

我们确定了 196 项研究，其中 59.2%为儿童，40.8%为新生儿，研究方法多样，包括 94%的定量研究。在过去 5 年中，研究出版物数量显著增加。证据主要集中在亚洲（93 项研究）和非洲（47 项研究）。研究最多的暴露是与极端气候事件相关的暴露，其次是干旱和洪水。然而，在研究极寒和风暴方面存在差距。重要的结果包括早产（55 项研究）、低出生体重（27 项研究）、营养不良（59 项研究）和腹泻病（28 项研究）。心理健康问题和先天性残疾的证据受到的关注相对较少。