Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Physiol Plant. 2024 Sep-Oct;176(5):e14543. doi: 10.1111/ppl.14543.
Abiotic stresses are a major constraint for agricultural productivity and food security in today's era of climate change. Plants can experience different types of abiotic stresses, either individually or in combination. Sometimes, more than one stress event may occur simultaneously or one after another during the lifecycle of the plant. In general, key survival strategies for stress tolerance may differ from one stress to another. However, at the molecular level, evolutionarily conserved protein kinase SUCROSE NONFERMENTING 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase (SnRK) gene family members, comprising SnRK1, SnRK2, and SnRK3 gene families, play a key role in different types of stress and adaptive responses. SnRK gene family members can act as master regulators and regulate the central metabolism of plants, which determines the energy distribution in either survival or growth/developmental processes. The key mechanism of SnRK-mediated regulation is associated with the phosphorylation of downstream genes, which either induces or dampens the function of target proteins. This may be crucial for maintaining differential morpho-physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including potassium signalling, ROS homeostasis, sugar signalling, and energy homeostasis. Furthermore, phosphorylation sites associated with different targets were also reviewed, which showed that SnRK-mediated phosphorylation of Serine and Threonine residues of the target protein is a site-specific event, where the target consists of specific amino acid sequences, including RXXS/T, Serine-threonine rich regions, or AMPK/SNF1 types. Here, we review different classes of SnRK gene family members and their multifaceted roles in understanding the commonality of SnRK-mediated responses to multiple abiotic stresses in plants.
非生物胁迫是当今气候变化时代农业生产力和粮食安全的主要制约因素。植物可能会经历不同类型的非生物胁迫，要么单独发生，要么组合发生。有时，在植物的生命周期中，可能会同时或相继发生不止一种胁迫事件。一般来说，胁迫耐受的关键生存策略可能因胁迫类型而异。然而，在分子水平上，进化上保守的蔗糖非发酵 1（SNF1）相关蛋白激酶（SnRK）基因家族成员，包括 SnRK1、SnRK2 和 SnRK3 基因家族，在不同类型的胁迫和适应反应中发挥关键作用。SnRK 基因家族成员可以作为主要调控因子，调节植物的中心代谢，这决定了能量在生存或生长/发育过程中的分配。SnRK 介导的调节的关键机制与下游基因的磷酸化有关，磷酸化要么诱导要么抑制靶蛋白的功能。这对于维持植物中不同的形态生理和生化过程可能是至关重要的，包括钾信号转导、ROS 稳态、糖信号转导和能量稳态。此外，还对与不同靶标相关的磷酸化位点进行了综述，结果表明，SnRK 介导的靶蛋白丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基的磷酸化是一种特定的事件，其中靶标由特定的氨基酸序列组成，包括 RXXS/T、丝氨酸-苏氨酸富含区或 AMPK/SNF1 类型。在这里，我们综述了不同类别的 SnRK 基因家族成员及其在理解 SnRK 介导的对植物多种非生物胁迫的反应的共性中的多方面作用。
