Soleymani Mohamad Bagher, Sangchooli Arshiya, Ebrahimpoor Mitra, Najafi Mohamad Amin, Vosoughi Vahdat Bijan, Shahbabaie Alireza, Oghabian Mohammad Ali, Ekhtiari Hamed
Department of Medical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Material and Biomaterial Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
Basic Clin Neurosci. 2024 May-Jun;15(3):317-332. doi: 10.32598/bcn.2021.3126.1. Epub 2024 May 1.
Cue-induced craving is central to addictive disorders. Most cue-reactivity functional magnetic resonance imaging studies are analyzed statically and report averaged signals, disregarding the dynamic nature of craving and task fatigue. Accordingly, this study investigates temporal dynamics of the neural response to drug cues as a functional magnetic resonance imaging study among methamphetamine users.
A total of 32 early abstinent methamphetamine users underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing visual methamphetamine cues. A craving > neutral contrast was obtained in regions of interest. To explore the changes over time, the pre-processed signal was divided into three intervals. Contrast estimates were calculated within each interval, and were compared using the analysis of variance followed by the post hoc t-tests. The results were compared with those from a static analysis across all blocks.
A priori expected activations in the prefrontal cortex, insula, and striatum not detected by static analysis were discovered by the dynamic analysis. Post hoc tests revealed distinct temporal activation patterns in several regions. Most patterns showed rapid activation (including both ventral/dorsal striata and most regions in the prefrontal, insular, and cingulate cortices), whereas some had delayed activation (the right anterior insula, left middle frontal gyrus, and left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex).
This study provided preliminary insights into the temporal dynamicity of cue-reactivity, and the potential of a conventional blocked-design task to consider it as a simple dynamic analysis. We highlight regional activations that were only uncovered by dynamic analysis and discuss the interesting and theoretically expected early versus late regional activation patterns. Rapidly activated regions are mostly those involved in the earlier stages of cue reactivity, while regions with later activation participate in cognitive functions relevant later, such as reappraisal, interoception, and executive control.
线索诱发的渴望是成瘾性障碍的核心。大多数线索反应性功能磁共振成像研究采用静态分析并报告平均信号，而忽略了渴望的动态特性和任务疲劳。因此，本研究作为一项针对甲基苯丙胺使用者的功能磁共振成像研究，调查了对药物线索的神经反应的时间动态变化。
共有32名早期戒断的甲基苯丙胺使用者在观看甲基苯丙胺视觉线索时接受功能磁共振成像检查。在感兴趣区域获得渴望>中性对比。为了探索随时间的变化，将预处理后的信号分为三个时间段。在每个时间段内计算对比估计值，并使用方差分析和事后t检验进行比较。将结果与所有组块的静态分析结果进行比较。
动态分析发现了静态分析未检测到的前额叶皮质、岛叶和纹状体的先验预期激活。事后检验揭示了几个区域不同的时间激活模式。大多数模式显示快速激活（包括腹侧/背侧纹状体以及前额叶、岛叶和扣带回皮质的大多数区域），而有些则有延迟激活（右侧前岛叶、左侧额中回和左侧背侧前扣带回皮质）。
本研究提供了关于线索反应时间动态性的初步见解，以及传统组块设计任务将其视为简单动态分析的潜力。我们强调了仅通过动态分析发现的区域激活，并讨论了有趣且符合理论预期的早期与晚期区域激活模式。快速激活的区域大多是那些参与线索反应早期阶段的区域，而后期激活的区域则参与随后相关的认知功能，如重新评估、内感受和执行控制。
