SEGES Innovation, Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU-Viborg, Tjele, Denmark.
J Anim Sci. 2024 Jan 3;102. doi: 10.1093/jas/skae310.
This study investigated the impact of calcium (Ca) and vitamin D supplements on bone metabolism, bone measurement, lameness, and selection rate in gilts fed 5 dietary treatments. Two Ca levels (6.85/6.42 [adequate; ACa] or 8.99/8.56 [high; HCa] g/kg) were combined with either 856 IU/kg vitamin D3 (Danish feeding standards; adequate; AD3) or 50 μg/kg 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (high; HHyD) to create ACaAD3, HCaAD3, ACaHHyD, and HCaHHyD diets. The values 6.85/6.42 and 8.99/8.56 g/kg correspond to adequate and high Ca supply for gilts weighing 32 to 100 and 100 to 180 kg body weight (BW), respectively. The fifth diet was a combination of HCa and 2,000 IU/kg vitamin D3 (high; HD3) to create HCaHD3. Two hundred gilts were phase fed the dietary treatments from 32 to 100 and 100 to 180 kg BW until they were slaughtered, either at 100 or 180 kg BW. The gilts were weighed fortnightly, and plasma and urine samples were collected at 100 and 180 kg BW. At slaughter, the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones were collected for bone parameters measurements. Lameness and selection rate were assessed within the last 7 d at 100 and 180 kg BW. Dietary treatments did not affect gilts' growth performance and plasma concentration of Ca, but the urinary concentration of Ca was greater in HCa-supplemented gilts at both 100 (P = 0.003) and 180 (P = 0.05) kg BW. Plasma concentration of vitamin D3 (P < 0.001) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (P < 0.001) showed dose-dependent responses at both 100 and 180 kg BW. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was greater (P = 0.02) in the plasma sample collected at 180 kg BW in gilts fed the HCaHD3 diet and tended to be greater in gilts fed the ACaAD3 diet (P = 0.06). The bone ash content (P = 0.02) was greater in gilts fed the HCaAD3 diet and slaughtered at 100 kg BW compared with gilts fed the ACaAD3 and ACaHHyD diets. However, bone weight, length, thickness, dry matter, and mineral content did not differ among the dietary treatments at both 100 and 180 kg BW (P > 0.05). Neither lameness nor selection rate was affected by the dietary treatments. The average daily gain of gilts weighing 32 to 100 and 100 to 180 kg BW showed a positive correlation with bone strength (r = 0.37; P < 0.001) and bone ash content (r = 0.24; P = 0.02), respectively. In conclusion, higher Ca and vitamin D3 supplementation slightly increased bone ash content but had no effect on the lameness or selection rate of the gilts compared to those fed according to the Danish nutrient standards.
这项研究调查了钙（Ca）和维生素 D 补充剂对 5 种饲粮喂养的母猪骨代谢、骨测量、跛行和选择率的影响。两种钙水平（分别为 6.85/6.42[充足；ACa]或 8.99/8.56[高；HCa]g/kg）与 856 IU/kg 维生素 D3（丹麦饲养标准；充足；AD3）或 50μg/kg 25-羟维生素 D3（高；HHyD）相结合，形成 ACaAD3、HCaAD3、ACaHHyD 和 HCaHHyD 饲粮。6.85/6.42 和 8.99/8.56 g/kg 分别对应于体重 32 至 100 公斤和 100 至 180 公斤的母猪的充足和高钙供应。第五种饲粮是 HCa 和 2000 IU/kg 维生素 D3（高；HD3）的组合，形成 HCaHD3。200 头母猪从 32 公斤到 100 公斤和 100 公斤到 180 公斤体重阶段饲喂这些饲粮，直到它们被屠宰，要么在 100 公斤要么在 180 公斤体重时被屠宰。每隔两周对母猪进行称重，在 100 公斤和 180 公斤体重时收集血浆和尿液样本。在屠宰时，收集第 2 和第 3 掌骨进行骨参数测量。跛行和选择率在 100 公斤和 180 公斤体重的最后 7 天内进行评估。饲粮处理对母猪的生长性能和血浆钙浓度没有影响，但在 100（P=0.003）和 180（P=0.05）kg BW 时，补充 HCa 的母猪尿液中钙浓度更高。血浆维生素 D3（P<0.001）和 25-羟维生素 D3（P<0.001）浓度在 100 和 180 kg BW 时呈剂量依赖性反应。在 180 kg BW 时采集的血浆样本中，骨特异性碱性磷酸酶更高（P=0.02），而在饲喂 HCaHD3 饲粮的母猪中，骨特异性碱性磷酸酶趋于更高（P=0.06）。与饲喂 ACaAD3 和 ACaHHyD 饲粮的母猪相比，饲喂 HCaAD3 饲粮的母猪在 100 kg BW 时的骨灰含量更高（P=0.02）。然而，在 100 和 180 kg BW 时，骨重、长度、厚度、干物质和矿物质含量在饲粮处理之间没有差异（P>0.05）。跛行和选择率不受饲粮处理的影响。体重 32 至 100 公斤和 100 至 180 公斤的母猪的平均日增重与骨强度（r=0.37；P<0.001）和骨灰含量（r=0.24；P=0.02）呈正相关。总之，与根据丹麦营养标准饲养的母猪相比，高钙和维生素 D3 补充剂略微增加了骨灰含量，但对母猪的跛行或选择率没有影响。
