Cotti Chad, DeCicca Philip, Nesson Erik
Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, United States of America.
Department of Economics, Ball State University, United States of America; NBER, United States of America.
J Health Econ. 2024 Dec;98:102932. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2024.102932. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
We use data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health (PATH), a longitudinal data set including self-reported and biomarker measures of tobacco use, to examine the effects of state-level tobacco 21 (T21) laws on smoking and vaping. T21 laws reduce self-reported cigarette smoking among 18-to-20 year olds, concentrated in males. Initial non-users who "age-out" of treatment are less likely to subsequently initiate self-reported smoking or vaping. Treated smokers are less likely to buy their own cigarettes and more likely to buy cigarettes in a different state. Biomarker results are mixed, and we find some evidence of a reduction in nicotine exposure but less evidence for a reduction in exposure to tobacco. Finally, we test for non-classical measurement error. T21 laws reduce the probability that clinically identified likely cigarette smokers self-report as smokers, which may increase the apparent effect of T21 laws on cigarette smoking as measured by self-reports.
我们使用来自烟草使用与健康人口评估（PATH）的数据，这是一个纵向数据集，包括烟草使用的自我报告和生物标志物测量，以研究州级烟草21岁限购（T21）法律对吸烟和电子烟使用的影响。T21法律减少了18至20岁人群中自我报告的吸烟行为，这种减少集中在男性中。那些“超龄”不再受该法律限制的初始非吸烟者随后开始自我报告吸烟或使用电子烟的可能性较小。接受该法律限制的吸烟者购买自己香烟的可能性较小，而在不同州购买香烟的可能性较大。生物标志物结果不一，我们发现一些证据表明尼古丁暴露有所减少，但烟草暴露减少的证据较少。最后，我们测试了非经典测量误差。T21法律降低了临床认定的可能吸烟者自我报告为吸烟者的概率，这可能会增加T21法律对自我报告测量的吸烟行为的明显影响。
