Rational Design of ZnO/ScCF Heterostructure with Tunable Electronic Structure for Water Splitting: A First-Principles Study.

Heterostructures are highly promising photocatalyst candidates for water splitting due to their advanced properties than those of pristine components. The ZnO/ScCF heterostructure was designed in this work, and its electronic structure was investigated to explore its potential for water splitting. The assessments of binding energy, phonon spectrum, ab initio molecular dynamics, and elastic constants provide strong evidence for its stability. The ZnO/ScCF heterostructure has an indirect band gap of 1.93 eV with a type-Ⅰ band alignment. The electronic structure can be modified with strain, leading to a transition in band alignment from type-Ⅰ to type-Ⅱ. The heterostructure is suitable for water splitting since its VBM and CBM stride over the redox potential. The energy barrier and built-in electric field, resulting from the charge transfer, facilitate the spatial separation of photogenerated carriers, enhancing their utilization efficiency for redox processes. The photogenerated carriers in the heterostructures with lattice compression greater than 6% follow the direct-Z transfer mechanism. The ZnO/ScCF heterostructure is confirmed with high photocatalytic activity by a Gibbs free energy change of HER, which is 0.89 eV and decreases to -0.52 eV under an 8% compressive strain. The heterostructure exhibits a remarkable enhancement in both absorption range and intensity, which can be further improved with strains. All these findings suggest that the ZnO/ScCF heterostructure is an appreciated catalyst for efficient photocatalytic water splitting.