Aljuaid Abdulelah
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
J Clin Med. 2024 Sep 24;13(19):5664. doi: 10.3390/jcm13195664.
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease and is widespread over the world. This disease shows a 5.1% mortality. The understanding of the disease has expanded rapidly in many areas, including virological, epidemiological, clinical, and management dimensions. To better understand the inflammatory and immune profiles that impact the pathogenesis and development of severe COVID-19 symptoms, further studies are essential. This research aims to explore the inflammatory and adaptive immune responses associated with COVID-19, considering factors such as genetic diversity and environmental exposure among Saudi patients. The goal is to determine if patients with severe COVID-19 exhibit different disease phenotypes. This case-control study includes 115 participants (healthy and with COVID-19 infection), 55 of which had confirmed cases of COVID-19 in intensive care units (ICUs) at different hospitals in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. Whole blood samples were collected from June to September 2021 for cellular analyses, and inflammation marker data were collected from hospital records. The expression of activation markers on B (CD27 and CD38) and T cells (CD27 and HLA-DR) was obtained using the flow cytometry technique. Also, serum was collected for cytokine measurements, including IL-6, INF-γ, and TNF- α. The results indicated that lymphopenia and excessive T cell activation were more prevalent in severe cases than in healthy individuals. Furthermore, the results revealed that severe COVID-19 patients had an increased frequency of CD19+ B cells, with changes in B cell subsets. The current study implies impairment and changes in the phenotype of adaptive cells (including T and B cells), with an increase in HLA-DR molecules and inflammation markers with pro-inflammatory cytokines in severe COVID-19 cases. The current study implies impairment and changes in the phenotype of adaptive cells (including T and B cells), with an increase in HLA-DR molecules and inflammation markers in severe COVID-19 cases, which could be targeted for therapeutic interventions. This might be a valuable approach for the diagnosis and treatment of severe COVID-19 cases.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）是一种大流行性疾病，在全球广泛传播。这种疾病的死亡率为5.1%。在许多领域，包括病毒学、流行病学、临床和管理层面，对该疾病的认识迅速扩展。为了更好地理解影响重症COVID-19症状发病机制和发展的炎症和免疫特征，进一步的研究至关重要。本研究旨在探讨与COVID-19相关的炎症和适应性免疫反应，同时考虑沙特患者的遗传多样性和环境暴露等因素。目标是确定重症COVID-19患者是否表现出不同的疾病表型。 这项病例对照研究包括115名参与者（健康者和COVID-19感染者），其中55人在沙特阿拉伯麦加市不同医院的重症监护病房（ICU）确诊感染COVID-19。2021年6月至9月采集全血样本进行细胞分析，并从医院记录中收集炎症标志物数据。使用流式细胞术技术检测B细胞（CD27和CD38）和T细胞（CD27和HLA-DR）上激活标志物的表达。此外，收集血清用于细胞因子测量，包括白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、干扰素-γ（INF-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）。结果表明，淋巴细胞减少和T细胞过度激活在重症病例中比在健康个体中更为普遍。此外，结果显示重症COVID-19患者CD19+B细胞频率增加，B细胞亚群发生变化。当前研究表明，在重症COVID-19病例中，适应性细胞（包括T细胞和B细胞）的表型受损并发生变化，HLA-DR分子和炎症标志物以及促炎细胞因子增加。当前研究表明，在重症COVID-19病例中，适应性细胞（包括T细胞和B细胞）的表型受损并发生变化，HLA-DR分子和炎症标志物增加，这可能成为治疗干预的靶点。这可能是诊断和治疗重症COVID-19病例的一种有价值的方法。
