Souza Stork Samara, Meurer Souza Claudia, Somariva Prophiro Josiane, Brownell Elizabeth Ann, Pinto Moehlecke Iser Betine
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão 88704-900, Brazil.
School of Nursing, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Sep 24;12(19):1905. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12191905.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the main cause of hyperglycemia in pregnancy and is related to complications throughout the gestational and post-partum period.
To analyze the pregnancy outcomes related to the occurrence of GDM in women and their offspring.
Third-trimester pregnant women were interviewed and monitored until childbirth. The diagnosis of GDM, blood glucose ≥ 92 mg/dL, was defined by the criteria of the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG).
A total of 138 women participated, and there were 136 births (due to 2 fetal losses); 23 (16.7%) were diagnosed with GDM. The risk of complications during childbirth was higher among pregnant women with GDM (RR 3.40; 95%CI 1.65-7.00), as was the occurrence of cesarean birth (RR 1.9; 95%CI 1.46-2.59). The occurrence of preterm birth did not show a significant difference between GDM/non-GDM groups. There was a non-significant association in adjusted analyses of macrosomia (birth weight ≥ 4000 g) among newborns born to mothers with GDM (RR 1.27; 95%CI 0.67-2.38). For newborns born to pregnant women with GDM, there was a higher risk for the following outcomes: large for gestational age (LGA) (3.29 95%CI 1.62-6.64), low Apgar (4.98 95%CI 2.32-10.69), and birth asphyxia (9.51 95%CI 3.42-26.48).
The findings reinforce that GDM is an important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes for women and their offspring.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是孕期高血糖的主要原因，与整个孕期及产后并发症相关。
分析与女性及其后代发生GDM相关的妊娠结局。
对孕晚期孕妇进行访谈并监测至分娩。GDM的诊断标准为血糖≥92mg/dL，采用国际糖尿病与妊娠研究组（IADPSG）的标准。
共有138名女性参与，分娩136例（因2例胎儿丢失）；23例（16.7%）被诊断为GDM。GDM孕妇分娩期间并发症风险更高（RR 3.40；95%CI 1.65 - 7.00），剖宫产发生率也更高（RR 1.9；95%CI 1.46 - 2.59）。早产发生率在GDM/非GDM组之间无显著差异。在对GDM母亲所生新生儿巨大儿（出生体重≥4000g）的校正分析中，存在非显著关联（RR 1.27；95%CI 0.67 - 2.38）。对于GDM孕妇所生新生儿，以下结局风险更高：大于胎龄儿（LGA）（3.29 95%CI 1.62 - 6.64）、低阿氏评分（4.98 95%CI 2.32 - 10.69）和出生窒息（9.51 95%CI 3.42 - 26.48）。
研究结果进一步证实，GDM是女性及其后代不良妊娠结局的重要危险因素。
