School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2024 Sep 25;16(19):3240. doi: 10.3390/nu16193240.
: Optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are crucial to addressing the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), encompassing undernutrition (including micronutrient deficiencies) and overnutrition. This study examined the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of IYCF practices, and their impacts on the DBM among 2039 Vietnamese children aged 6-23 months from the General Nutrition Survey 2020. Thirteen IYCF indicators recommended by the WHO/UNICEF were evaluated. Associations between IYCF indicators and outcome variables were assessed using logistic regressions. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and overweight subjects was 10.9%, 5.6%, and 3.1%, respectively. Low serum zinc affected 56.7% of children, while 14.3% had low serum retinol, 31.2% had anemia, and 34.6% had iron deficiency (ID). Only 36.7% of children achieved minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and 29.0% achieved the minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Children from the younger age group (6-11 months), ethnic minorities, those living in rural/mountainous regions, and poorer wealth quintiles had reduced odds of meeting IYCF criteria, including MDD and MAD. Infants meeting MDD had reduced odds of stunting [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals): 0.61 (0.41, 0.92)], and ID [0.69 (0.54, 0.88)]. Children meeting MAD had reduced odds of anemia [0.72 (0.57, 0.91)], ID [0.66 (0.52, 0.84)], and low serum retinol [0.63 (0.41, 0.99)]. Continued breastfeeding (12-23 months) reduced the odds of being underweight [0.50 (0.27, 0.92)] and of having low serum zinc [0.70 (0.52, 0.96)]. Adequate minimum milk feeding frequency had increased odds of being overweight [3.33 (1.01, 11.09)]. Suboptimal IYCF practices were significant predictors of the DBM among Vietnamese children, with evident age-specific, geographical, and socioeconomic disparities.
最佳婴儿和幼儿喂养（IYCF）实践对于解决营养不良的双重负担（DBM）至关重要，DBM 包括营养不足（包括微量营养素缺乏）和营养过剩。本研究调查了 2039 名 6-23 个月大的越南儿童的人口统计学和社会经济决定因素，以及这些因素对 2020 年一般营养调查中 IYCF 实践与 DBM 之间的影响。评估了世界卫生组织/联合国儿童基金会建议的 13 项 IYCF 指标。使用逻辑回归评估 IYCF 指标与结果变量之间的关联。发育迟缓、体重不足和超重的发生率分别为 10.9%、5.6%和 3.1%。56.7%的儿童血清锌含量低，14.3%的儿童血清视黄醇含量低，31.2%的儿童贫血，34.6%的儿童缺铁（ID）。只有 36.7%的儿童达到最低饮食多样性（MDD），29.0%的儿童达到最低可接受饮食（MAD）。年龄较小的儿童（6-11 个月）、少数民族、生活在农村/山区的儿童和较贫穷的财富五分位数的儿童，他们符合 IYCF 标准（包括 MDD 和 MAD）的可能性较低。达到 MDD 的婴儿发育迟缓的可能性降低[调整后的优势比（95%置信区间）：0.61（0.41，0.92）]，缺铁的可能性降低[0.69（0.54，0.88）]。达到 MAD 的儿童贫血的可能性降低[0.72（0.57，0.91）]，缺铁的可能性降低[0.66（0.52，0.84）]，血清视黄醇含量低的可能性降低[0.63（0.41，0.99）]。12-23 个月的持续母乳喂养降低了体重不足的可能性[0.50（0.27，0.92）]和血清锌含量低的可能性[0.70（0.52，0.96）]。充足的最低牛奶喂养频率增加了超重的可能性[3.33（1.01，11.09）]。越南儿童的 IYCF 实践不佳是 DBM 的重要预测因素，存在明显的年龄、地理和社会经济差异。
