Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Center for Modern Agricultural Scientific Innovation, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugsand Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 30;25(19):10544. doi: 10.3390/ijms251910544.
As a part of the important species that form coral reef ecosystems, stony corals have become a potential source of pharmacologically active lead compounds for an increasing number of compounds with novel chemical structures and strong biological activity. In this study, the secondary metabolites and biological activities are reported for C21-1, an epiphytic fungus acquired from collected from Xuwen Coral Reef Nature Reserve, China. This strain was cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB) media and rice media with different salinities based on the OSMAC strategy. The mycelial morphology and high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprints of the fermentation extracts together with bioautography were recorded. Furthermore, an untargeted metabolomics study was performed using principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (O-PLSDA), and feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) to analyze their secondary metabolite variations. The comprehensive results revealed that the metabolite expression in C21-1 differed significantly between liquid and solid media. The metabolites produced in liquid medium were more diverse but less numerous compared to those in solid medium. Meanwhile, the mycelial morphology underwent significant changes with increasing salinity under PDB cultivation conditions, especially in PDB with 10% salinity. Untargeted metabolomics revealed significant differences between PDB with 10% salinity and other media, as well as between liquid and solid media. FBMN analysis indicated that alkaloids, which might be produced under high salt stress, contributed largely to the differences. The biological activities results showed that six groups of crude extracts exhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities, along with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities. The results of this study showed that the increase in salinity favored the production of unique alkaloid compounds by C21-1.
作为形成珊瑚礁生态系统的重要物种之一，石珊瑚已成为越来越多具有新型化学结构和强生物活性化合物的潜在药物先导化合物来源。在这项研究中，报告了从中国徐闻珊瑚礁自然保护区采集的附生真菌 C21-1 的次生代谢产物和生物活性。该菌株根据 OSMAC 策略在马铃薯葡萄糖肉汤（PDB）培养基和不同盐度的大米培养基中进行培养。记录了发酵提取物的菌丝形态和高效薄层色谱（HPTLC）指纹图谱以及生物自显影。此外，还使用主成分分析（PCA）、正交投影到潜在结构判别分析（O-PLSDA）和基于特征的分子网络（FBMN）进行非靶向代谢组学研究，以分析其次生代谢产物的变化。综合结果表明，C21-1 在液体和固体培养基中的代谢物表达有显著差异。与固体培养基相比，液体培养基中产生的代谢物种类更多，但数量较少。同时，在 PDB 培养条件下，随着盐度的增加，菌丝形态发生了显著变化，尤其是在 PDB 中盐度为 10%时。非靶向代谢组学表明，10%盐度的 PDB 与其他培养基以及液体和固体培养基之间存在显著差异。FBMN 分析表明，高盐胁迫下可能产生的生物碱对差异有很大贡献。生物活性结果表明，六组粗提物表现出乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）抑制活性，以及 1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基清除和抗菌活性。本研究结果表明，盐度的增加有利于 C21-1 产生独特的生物碱化合物。
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