Liang Wei, Zhao Xin, Wu Pengpeng, Li Yuxin, Lv Shuai
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
Zhongshan Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Sep 26;24(19):6232. doi: 10.3390/s24196232.
Spacecraft recovery technology is crucial in the field of aerospace, in which the parachute plays a key role in slowing down the descent speed of the spacecraft and realizing a smooth landing. In order to construct a dynamically adjustable parachute deployment strategy, it is necessary to measure the parachute dynamic load accurately in real-time. However, the existing sensor measurement scheme makes it difficult to meet the measurement requirements due to its large structure and complex wiring. In order to meet the current demand for real-time measurement of parachute cords dynamic load, a miniature measuring instrument is designed. According to the function and technical requirements of the miniature measuring instrument, the hardware modules of the acquisition system are selected and designed, and the integration debugging and performance optimization of the microcontroller module, A/D sampling module, signal acquisition circuit, and power supply module are carried out. The software of the parachute cords tension acquisition system based on the miniature measuring instrument is developed. The Load Cell is modeled by using SolidWorks 2022 and statically analyzed by using Ansys 2022 R1 Workbench finite element analysis software. Then the final structure of the Load Cell and the pasting position of the strain gauge are determined through the results analysis as well as experimental verification. The hardware module of the signal acquisition system for the miniature measuring instrument is then encapsulated. The force value of the miniature measuring instrument is calibrated and tested many times by using the microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine. The experimental results show that the designed miniature measuring instrument has accurate data, strong stability, and good real-time performance, which meets the demand for real-time accurate measurement of miniature measuring instruments, and can provide reliable data for parachute cords parameter validation and stepless unfolding design.
航天器回收技术在航空航天领域至关重要，其中降落伞在减缓航天器下降速度并实现平稳着陆方面发挥着关键作用。为构建动态可调的降落伞展开策略，有必要实时精确测量降落伞动态载荷。然而，现有的传感器测量方案因其结构庞大且布线复杂，难以满足测量要求。为满足当前对降落伞绳索动态载荷实时测量的需求，设计了一种微型测量仪器。根据微型测量仪器的功能和技术要求，选取并设计了采集系统的硬件模块，并对微控制器模块、A/D采样模块、信号采集电路和电源模块进行了集成调试和性能优化。开发了基于微型测量仪器的降落伞绳索张力采集系统软件。利用SolidWorks 2022对称重传感器进行建模，并使用Ansys 2022 R1 Workbench有限元分析软件进行静态分析。然后通过结果分析以及实验验证确定称重传感器的最终结构和应变片的粘贴位置。接着对微型测量仪器的信号采集系统硬件模块进行封装。利用微机控制电子万能试验机对微型测量仪器的力值进行多次校准和测试。实验结果表明，所设计的微型测量仪器数据准确、稳定性强、实时性好，满足微型测量仪器实时精确测量的需求，可为降落伞绳索参数验证和无级展开设计提供可靠数据。
