Martens Lara L, Brown Reece A, Faillace Ana Carolina Lourenço, Berger Arin, Smith Rachel L J, Bertok Kathryn, Humphries Lauren, Lassiter Angela, Hartstone-Rose Adam
Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Wild Animal Anatomy Research Laboratory, School of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília CEP 70636-200, Brazil.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Sep 26;14(19):2774. doi: 10.3390/ani14192774.
Recently, onychectomy, the "declaw" surgery in which all or part of the distal phalanges are removed, has been shown to have significant effects on the forearm muscles of felids. While this surgery should clearly affect the limb muscles (especially those that insert on the removed or modified bone), these effects have not been studied beyond felids or in the hindlimb. To that end, we herein evaluated the muscle architecture of a kinkajou () that was declawed on all four of its limbs and compared its anatomy to that of intact specimens and the felid findings. As expected, some of the declawed kinkajou's muscles were substantially different from those of the intact specimens, and as was seen in felids, its digital muscles appear to have been weaker. However, unlike in the felids, the declawed kinkajou had relatively larger forearm muscles. Also, contrary to expectation, the leg muscles of the declawed kinkajou were not substantially different, perhaps reflecting important differences in limb use. Future analyses should examine this anatomy in other declawed kinkajou specimens and also look at the effects of this surgery in other taxa, for instance, non-arboreal relatives of the kinkajou as well as other arboreal taxa.
最近，爪切除术，即切除全部或部分远端趾骨的“去爪”手术，已被证明对猫科动物的前臂肌肉有显著影响。虽然这种手术显然会影响肢体肌肉（尤其是那些附着在被切除或改变的骨骼上的肌肉），但这些影响尚未在猫科动物以外的物种或后肢上进行研究。为此，我们在此评估了一只四肢都被去爪的蜜熊的肌肉结构，并将其解剖结构与完整标本以及猫科动物的研究结果进行了比较。正如预期的那样，一些去爪蜜熊的肌肉与完整标本的肌肉有很大不同，而且正如在猫科动物中看到的那样，它的指部肌肉似乎较弱。然而，与猫科动物不同的是，去爪蜜熊的前臂肌肉相对较大。此外，与预期相反，去爪蜜熊的腿部肌肉没有太大差异，这可能反映了肢体使用方式的重要差异。未来的分析应该在其他去爪蜜熊标本中研究这种解剖结构，也应该研究这种手术在其他类群中的影响，例如，蜜熊的非树栖亲属以及其他树栖类群。
