Li Chunfang, Wang Haitong, Fan Yikai, Zhou Zengpo, Li Yuanbao, Liang Shengchao, Ma Yabin, Zhang Shujun
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Hebei Livestock Breeding Station, Shijiazhuang 050060, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Sep 26;14(19):2785. doi: 10.3390/ani14192785.
Fatty acid is an important factor affecting the nutritional quality of milk. In this study, we collected and assessed 78,086 milk samples from 12,065 Chinese Holstein cows from 11 farms in Northern China from November 2019 to September 2022. The contents of eight fatty acid groups were predicted using FT-MIRS-based models. The contents of TFAs, SFAs, UFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, and LCFAs in milk reached the highest at 96-125 DIM, and SCFA and MCFA contents reached the highest at 276-305 DIM. With the increase in somatic cell score, the contents of various fatty acid groups in milk gradually decreased, and the nutritional value of milk and flavor of dairy products gradually deteriorated. The contents of high-quality fatty acids in milk, particularly UFAs and MUFAs, were significantly higher in the non-pregnant state than in the pregnant state. However, SCFA and MCFA contents exhibited the opposite pattern. Our findings provided valuable information on the content and distribution range of fatty acid groups in milk from Chinese Holstein cows. Further analysis is warranted to explore the breeding of Chinese Holstein cows providing milk with abundant beneficial fatty acids.
脂肪酸是影响牛奶营养品质的重要因素。在本研究中，我们于2019年11月至2022年9月期间，从中国北方11个农场的12,065头中国荷斯坦奶牛中收集并评估了78,086份牛奶样本。使用基于傅里叶变换中红外光谱（FT-MIRS）的模型预测了八个脂肪酸组的含量。牛奶中反式脂肪酸（TFAs）、饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）、不饱和脂肪酸（UFAs）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFAs）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）和长链脂肪酸（LCFAs）的含量在产犊后96 - 125天达到最高，而短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）和中链脂肪酸（MCFAs）的含量在产犊后276 - 305天达到最高。随着体细胞评分的增加，牛奶中各种脂肪酸组的含量逐渐降低，牛奶的营养价值和乳制品的风味也逐渐变差。牛奶中优质脂肪酸的含量，尤其是不饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸，在非妊娠状态下显著高于妊娠状态。然而，短链脂肪酸和中链脂肪酸的含量呈现相反的模式。我们的研究结果为中国荷斯坦奶牛牛奶中脂肪酸组的含量和分布范围提供了有价值的信息。有必要进一步分析，以探索培育能提供富含有益脂肪酸牛奶的中国荷斯坦奶牛。
