Khan Saeed Akram, Sherzada Shahid, Ahmad Qurat-Ul-Ain, Hussain Ali, Hussain Nimra, Nowosad Joanna
Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Sep 27;14(19):2799. doi: 10.3390/ani14192799.
is an important edible fish with a significant aquaculture contribution in Southeast Asian countries. The current study aims to enhance our understanding of the developmental biology of , which is crucial for implementing sustainable fish farming practices. To induce spermiation and ovulation in brooders, the synthetic hormone Ovaprim (GnRH + dopamine inhibitor) was administrated as a single injection dose of 0.2 mL/kg to males and 0.4 mL/kg to females. After induction, the fish spawned, and the eggs produced were fertilized artificially and cell division commenced successfully. The characteristics of each larval developmental stage were closely observed and recorded using a time-lapse imaging technique. The fertilized eggs were spherical, demersal, and non-adhesive throughout their incubation period. The spawned eggs ranged in diameter from 2.1 mm to 2.13 mm and possessed circular yolk sacs. The gastrula stage initiated approximately 4 h after fertilization, with 25% of the yolk sphere covered by blastoderm, reaching 75% coverage at the end of the gastrula stage, approximately 6 h post fertilization. Organogenesis was marked by the formation of notochord and the visibility of rudimentary organs such as the heart, eyes, and gills, followed by tail movement, which was observed at the time of hatching. Compared to other cyprinid fishes, exhibited distinct features at certain stages of embryonic development. Blood circulation was observed to start at the onset of hatching. The lengths of the newly hatched larvae ranged from 2.9 to 3.2 mm, smaller than other reports on induced breeding in carps. The findings of the present study provide a detailed reference for the embryonic development of , which will assist its future research endeavors and large-scale seed production for sustainable aquaculture.
是一种重要的食用鱼，在东南亚国家的水产养殖中贡献显著。当前的研究旨在增进我们对其发育生物学的理解，这对于实施可持续养鱼实践至关重要。为诱导亲鱼排精和排卵，向雄性亲鱼单次注射剂量为0.2 mL/kg的合成激素Ovaprim（促性腺激素释放激素 + 多巴胺抑制剂），向雌性亲鱼单次注射剂量为0.4 mL/kg。诱导后，亲鱼产卵，所产的卵进行人工受精并成功开始细胞分裂。使用延时成像技术密切观察并记录每个幼体发育阶段的特征。受精卵在整个孵化期呈球形、沉性且不具粘性。所产的卵直径在2.1毫米至2.13毫米之间，具有圆形卵黄囊。原肠胚阶段在受精后约4小时开始，此时胚盘覆盖卵黄球的25%，在原肠胚阶段结束时，即受精后约6小时，覆盖率达到75%。器官发生的标志是脊索的形成以及心脏、眼睛和鳃等初级器官的可见性，随后在孵化时观察到尾部运动。与其他鲤科鱼类相比，在胚胎发育的某些阶段表现出明显特征。观察到血液循环在孵化开始时启动。新孵化的幼体长度在2.9毫米至3.2毫米之间，比其他关于鲤鱼人工繁殖的报道要小。本研究的结果为其胚胎发育提供了详细参考，这将有助于其未来的研究工作以及可持续水产养殖的大规模鱼苗生产。
