Sivagurunathan Ulaganathan, Izquierdo Marisol, Tseng Yiyen, Prabhu Philip Antony Jesu, Zamorano María Jesús, Robaina Lidia, Domínguez David
Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario en Acuicultura Sostenible y Ecosistemas Marinos (IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Carretera de Taliarte, s/n, 35200 Telde, Spain.
Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Fish Nutrition Program, 5005 Bergen, Norway.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Sep 28;14(19):2808. doi: 10.3390/ani14192808.
The interaction between vitamin D and vitamin K is crucial for regulating bone metabolism and maintaining calcium homeostasis across diverse animal species due to their complementary roles in calcium metabolism and bone health. However, research on this interaction of vitamin D and K in fish, particularly Mediterranean species like gilthead seabream, is limited or not studied. This study aimed to understand the effects of different dietary combinations of vitamin D and K on juvenile gilthead seabream. Accordingly, seabream juveniles were fed with varying combinations of vitamin D/vitamin K (mg/kg diet) for 3 months: (0.07/0.01), (0.20/0.58), (0.19/1.65), (0.51/0.74), (0.56/1.00). At the end of the trial, survival, growth, body morphology, serum calcitriol, and vertebral mineral composition remained unaffected by varying vitamin levels, while gene expression patterns related to bone formation, resorption, and calcium regulation in various tissues were significantly influenced by both vitamins and their interaction. Gilthead seabream juveniles fed the 0.07/0.01 mg/kg diet upregulated calcium-regulating genes in the gills, indicating an effort to enhance calcium absorption to compensate for dietary deficiencies. Conversely, an increase in vitamin D and K up to 0.19 and 1.65 mg/kg, respectively, upregulated bone formation, bone remodeling, and calcium homeostasis-related gene expression in vertebra and other tissues. On the contrary, a dietary increase in these vitamins up to 0.56 mg/kg vitamin D and 1.00 mg/kg vitamin K downregulated calcium metabolism-related genes in tissues, suggesting an adverse interaction resulting from elevated levels of these vitamins in the diet. Hence, sustaining an equilibrium in the dietary intake of vitamin D and vitamin K, in an appropriately combined form, may potentially induce interactions between the vitamins, contributing to favorable effects on bone development and calcium regulation in gilthead seabream juveniles.
维生素D和维生素K之间的相互作用对于调节不同动物物种的骨骼代谢和维持钙稳态至关重要，因为它们在钙代谢和骨骼健康方面具有互补作用。然而，关于鱼类中维生素D和K这种相互作用的研究，特别是像金头鲷这样的地中海物种，非常有限或尚未开展。本研究旨在了解维生素D和K的不同饮食组合对幼年金头鲷的影响。因此，给幼年金头鲷投喂不同维生素D/维生素K组合（mg/kg饲料）达3个月：(0.07/0.01)、(0.20/0.58)、(0.19/1.65)、(0.51/0.74)、(0.56/1.00)。试验结束时，不同维生素水平对存活率、生长、身体形态、血清骨化三醇和椎骨矿物质组成均无影响，而各种组织中与骨形成吸收和钙调节相关的基因表达模式受到维生素及其相互作用的显著影响。投喂0.07/0.01 mg/kg饲料的幼年金头鲷上调了鳃中钙调节基因的表达，表明其试图增强钙吸收以弥补饮食不足。相反，维生素D和K分别增加至0.19和1.65 mg/kg时，上调了椎骨和其他组织中与骨形成、骨重塑和钙稳态相关的基因表达。相反，饲料中这些维生素增加至0.56 mg/kg维生素D和1.00 mg/kg维生素K时，下调了组织中钙代谢相关基因的表达，表明饮食中这些维生素水平升高会产生不良相互作用。因此，以适当组合形式维持维生素D和维生素K饮食摄入量的平衡，可能会促使维生素之间产生相互作用，对幼年金头鲷的骨骼发育和钙调节产生有利影响。
