Gonçalves Pedro, Marques Maria R, Nyamuryekung'e Shelemia, Jorgensen Grete H M
Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Águeda and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I.P. (INIAV), Avenida Professor Vaz Portugal, 2005-424 Vale de Santarém, Portugal.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Oct 7;14(19):2885. doi: 10.3390/ani14192885.
The birth process in animals, much like in humans, can encounter complications that pose significant risks to both offspring and mothers. Monitoring these events can provide essential nursing support, but human monitoring is expensive. Although there are commercial monitoring systems for large ruminants, there are no effective solutions for small ruminants, despite various attempts documented in the literature. Inertial sensors are very convenient given their low cost, low impact on animal life, and their flexibility for monitoring animal behavior. This study offers a systematic review of the literature on detecting parturition in small ruminants using inertial sensors. The review analyzed the specifics of published research, including data management and monitoring processes, behaviors indicative of parturition, processing techniques, detection algorithms, and the main results achieved in each study. The results indicated that some methods for detecting birth concentrate on classifying unique animal behaviors, employing diverse processing techniques, and developing detection algorithms. Furthermore, this study emphasized that employing techniques that include analyzing animal activity peaks, specifically recurrent lying down and getting up occurrences, could result in improved detection precision. Although none of the studies provided a completely valid detection algorithm, most results were promising, showing significant behavioral changes in the hours preceding delivery.
动物的分娩过程与人类非常相似，可能会出现对后代和母亲都构成重大风险的并发症。监测这些情况可以提供必要的护理支持，但人工监测成本高昂。尽管有针对大型反刍动物的商业监测系统，但尽管文献中有各种尝试，对于小型反刍动物仍没有有效的解决方案。惯性传感器因其成本低、对动物生活影响小以及监测动物行为的灵活性而非常方便。本研究对使用惯性传感器检测小型反刍动物分娩的文献进行了系统综述。该综述分析了已发表研究的细节，包括数据管理和监测过程、分娩指示行为、处理技术、检测算法以及每项研究取得的主要结果。结果表明，一些检测分娩的方法侧重于对独特的动物行为进行分类，采用不同的处理技术，并开发检测算法。此外，本研究强调，采用包括分析动物活动峰值，特别是反复躺下和起身事件的技术，可能会提高检测精度。尽管没有一项研究提供完全有效的检测算法，但大多数结果很有希望，显示出分娩前数小时有显著的行为变化。
