Abraham E, Pellicore R J, Hamilton R C, Hallman B W, Ghosh L
J Pediatr Orthop. 1986 Jan-Feb;6(1):66-71. doi: 10.1097/01241398-198601000-00014.
Stump overgrowth requiring surgical revisions occurred in 58 of 1,015 (5.7%) skeletally immature patients with congenital and acquired amputations. Acquired below-knee amputation was the most common type needing revision (18.5%), and the congenital group not requiring a conversion had the least overgrowth problem (1.7%). When the primary amputation occurred after the age of 12 years or when disarticulation was carried out, revisions were unnecessary. The younger the patient, the greater the incidence of repeated revisions. Study of the histological changes in eight juvenile congenital and acquired amputees revealed two patterns: reactive connective tissue stratification and a bursa.
在1015例骨骼未成熟的先天性和后天性截肢患者中，有58例（5.7%）出现需要手术翻修的残端过度生长。后天性膝下截肢是最常见的需要翻修的类型（18.5%），而不需要转换的先天性截肢组残端过度生长问题最少（1.7%）。当初次截肢发生在12岁以后或进行关节离断时，则无需翻修。患者年龄越小，重复翻修的发生率越高。对8例青少年先天性和后天性截肢患者的组织学变化研究显示出两种模式：反应性结缔组织分层和滑囊。
