Sapała Anna-Maria, Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria, Grochowska-Niedworok Elżbieta, Kardas Marek
Department of Dietetics and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Natural and Technical Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Czestochowa, Poland.
Department of Food Technology and Quality Evaluation, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland.
Front Nutr. 2024 Oct 2;11:1455236. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1455236. eCollection 2024.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The increase in patients with obesity and diabetes raises the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Proper eating habits and adequate nutritional knowledge play a key role in preventing and treating these conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, and nutritional status of patients hospitalized in a cardiology department in Poland, including those with obesity or diabetes.
The study was conducted at St. Barbara Regional Specialized Hospital No. 5 in Sosnowiec from January to June 2021, involving 301 patients, 154 women (51.2%) and 147 men (48.8%), aged 29 to 87. Participants were assessed for BMI, NRS 2002 scale, morphology, biochemistry results, blood pressure, and examined for nutritional knowledge and habits using proprietary questionnaires. A proprietary scale was used to assess eating habits.
Most cardiology patients were overweight or obese, with 80% exceeding the normal weight range. No significant gender differences were noted in malnutrition risk on the NRS 2002 scale. The study found patients rarely consumed recommended amounts of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, fish, and dairy products. Only 26.2% regularly ate a second breakfast, and just 9.3% chose water with meals. However, consumption of salty snacks, energy drinks, and alcohol was low. Biochemical and blood test analysis did not show significant differences between patients with diabetes, obesity, and others.
Most cardiology patients were overweight or obese, which poses a significant risk for further health complications, including cardiovascular diseases. Although patients with diabetes and/or obesity had better nutritional knowledge in some areas, this did not lead to healthier eating habits. The absence of significant differences in biochemical tests suggests that overall lifestyle and diet are crucial to cardiovascular health.
心血管疾病是全球主要的死亡原因。肥胖和糖尿病患者数量的增加提高了心血管疾病的风险。良好的饮食习惯和充足的营养知识在预防和治疗这些疾病中起着关键作用。本研究旨在评估波兰一家心脏病科住院患者的饮食习惯、营养知识和营养状况，包括肥胖或糖尿病患者。
该研究于2021年1月至6月在索斯诺维茨的圣芭芭拉第五地区专科医院进行，涉及301名患者，其中154名女性（51.2%）和147名男性（48.8%），年龄在29至87岁之间。对参与者进行体重指数、营养风险筛查2002量表、形态学、生化结果、血压评估，并使用专门问卷检查营养知识和习惯。使用专门量表评估饮食习惯。
大多数心脏病患者超重或肥胖，80%超过正常体重范围。在营养风险筛查2002量表上，营养不良风险在性别上无显著差异。研究发现患者很少摄入推荐量的蔬菜、水果、豆类、全谷物、鱼类和乳制品。只有26.2%的人经常吃第二顿早餐，只有9.3%的人吃饭时选择喝水。然而，咸味零食、能量饮料和酒精的消费量较低。糖尿病患者、肥胖患者和其他患者之间的生化和血液检查分析没有显示出显著差异。
大多数心脏病患者超重或肥胖，这对包括心血管疾病在内的进一步健康并发症构成重大风险。尽管糖尿病和/或肥胖患者在某些方面有更好的营养知识，但这并未导致更健康的饮食习惯。生化检查无显著差异表明，总体生活方式和饮食对心血管健康至关重要。
