Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
ICU, Tuberculosis Department, 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Tuberculosis Research Institute, Beijing, 100091, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 18;24(1):2876. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20363-6.
Physical activity (PA) was strongly associated with health status, with fewer related studies in adolescents (12-19 years). Most current studies using questionnaires to assess PA levels were not objective enough. So, this study used a wearable device to assess PA levels quantitatively and focused on the association between PA levels and self-reported 4 health status among adolescents.
Data were obtained from adolescents (2241) with both PA and health status assessments from two cycles of NHANES, 2011-2014, using a wearable accelerometer-based device to assess PA levels quantitatively, MIMS-units as the metric, averaging over all valid days of wear (MIMS-units average). There were 4 health statuses, including (1) whether or not flu, pneumonia, or ear infection, (2) whether or not stomach or intestinal illness, (3) whether or not head cold or chest cold, and (4) general health condition, from the past 30 days self-reported. Weighted multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the 4 health statuses and the MIMS-units average and MIMS-units average quartiles respectively. Subgroup analyses were also conducted on age, sex, BMI, and race.
After controlling confounding factors, there was no significant correlation between the MIMS-units average and the four physical health conditions in Table 3 model 3. While MIMS-units average quartiles results showed that compared to lower PA levels (Q1), higher PA levels (Q4) were linked to a lower incidence of "flu"(OR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.91, 0.99], P < 0.001). Furthermore, Q3 was linked to a decrease in the incidence of "head cold" (OR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.85, 0.96], P < 0.001), while Q2 showed a decrease in "stomach illness" (OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.92, 0.99], P = 0.003) in Table 3 model 3. Subgroup analyses showed that higher PA levels significantly reduced "flu" risk among 12-15 year-olds, girls, obese, and Non-Hispanic White; decreased "head cold" risk among 16-19 year-olds, boys, obese, and Non-Hispanic White; significantly lower risk of "stomach illness" in girls.
Enhancing PA levels can help prevent flu, head cold, and stomach or intestinal illness in US adolescents. Further studies are needed to determine whether adolescents in other regions have similar results, and high-quality cohort studies are needed to further validate the causal association.
身体活动（PA）与健康状况密切相关，但在青少年（12-19 岁）中相关研究较少。目前大多数使用问卷评估 PA 水平的研究都不够客观。因此，本研究使用可穿戴设备对 PA 水平进行定量评估，并重点研究 PA 水平与青少年自我报告的 4 项健康状况之间的关系。
本研究使用基于可穿戴加速度计的设备从 2011-2014 年两个周期的 NHANES 中获取了同时具有 PA 和健康状况评估数据的青少年（2241 人）的数据，使用 MIMS 单位作为度量单位，对所有有效佩戴天数的 PA 水平进行平均（MIMS 单位平均值）。健康状况有 4 种，包括（1）过去 30 天是否患流感、肺炎或耳部感染，（2）过去 30 天是否患胃病或肠道疾病，（3）过去 30 天是否患普通感冒或胸部感冒，以及（4）过去 30 天的总体健康状况。使用加权多逻辑回归分析 4 种健康状况与 MIMS 单位平均值和 MIMS 单位平均值四分位数之间的关系。还对年龄、性别、BMI 和种族进行了亚组分析。
在控制了混杂因素后，表 3 模型 3 中 MIMS 单位平均值与四项身体健康状况之间没有显著相关性。而 MIMS 单位四分位数结果显示，与较低的 PA 水平（Q1）相比，较高的 PA 水平（Q4）与较低的“流感”发病率相关（OR=0.94，95%CI[0.91，0.99]，P<0.001）。此外，Q3 与“普通感冒”发病率降低相关（OR=0.91，95%CI[0.85，0.96]，P<0.001），而 Q2 则显示“胃病”发病率降低（OR=0.95，95%CI[0.92，0.99]，P=0.003），均在表 3 模型 3 中。亚组分析显示，较高的 PA 水平显著降低了 12-15 岁青少年、女孩、肥胖者和非西班牙裔白种人患“流感”的风险；降低了 16-19 岁青少年、男孩、肥胖者和非西班牙裔白种人患“普通感冒”的风险；女孩患“胃病”的风险显著降低。
提高 PA 水平有助于预防美国青少年的流感、普通感冒和胃病或肠道疾病。需要进一步研究以确定其他地区的青少年是否有类似的结果，并且需要高质量的队列研究来进一步验证这种因果关系。
