埃及青少年中的欺凌行为和口腔健康：心理一致感和抵制同伴影响的调节作用。

Bullying and oral health in Egyptian adolescents: the moderating role of sense of coherence and resistance to peer influence.

机构信息

Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

出版信息

BMC Oral Health. 2024 Oct 18;24(1):1239. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-04937-9.

DOI:10.1186/s12903-024-04937-9

PMID:39425184

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11490047/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Bullying is the intentional, repeated and prolonged aggressive behavior towards victim(s) who feel powerless to defend themselves. It could influence adolescents' mental health. Some adolescents possess coping skills which enable them to overcome such adversities. The present study assessed the association between bullying, sense of coherence (SOC), resistance to peer influence (RPI) and oral health in Egyptian adolescents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross-sectional survey that included 12-16 year old adolescents attending 6 schools in Damanhour, Egypt was conducted from March to December 2023. Data were collected through clinical examination and self-administered questionnaires. Clinical examination assessed dental caries (DMFT), oral hygiene (plaque index) and gingival condition (gingival index). Toothbrushing frequency and sugar consumption were assessed by (World Health Organization-child form), bullying (Revised Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire), SOC (Sense of Coherence Scale-Short Form) and RPI (Resistance to Peer Influence Questionnaire). The independent variables were bullying, SOC and RPI. The dependent variables were untreated caries, gingival inflammation and toothbrushing frequency. Multivariable multilevel regression assessed the relationship between the independent and dependent variables after adjusting for potential confounders. Adjusted regression coefficients (B), adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Effect modifications by SOC and RPI were evaluated.

RESULTS

The response rate was 95.25% (N = 602), mean (SD) age was 14.01 (1.15). Half of the students (49.83%) were girls. About 42% had untreated caries, only 15.78% brushed their teeth twice daily and the mean (SD) gingival index was 1.57 (0.40). About 25% were victims, (9.30%) bullies and (18.60%) bully-victims. Victims showed significantly lower odds of twice daily toothbrushing (AOR = 0.52, p = 0.04). Bullies and bully-victims showed non-significantly higher odds of untreated caries (AOR = 1.42, p = 0.25), (AOR = 1.21, p = 0.42), respectively. Bullying was not associated with gingival inflammation. Higher SOC and RPI mitigated the impact of bullying on untreated caries and toothbrushing frequency.

CONCLUSION

Bullying was associated with higher odds of untreated caries and lower odds of twice daily toothbrushing in Egyptian adolescents. Higher SOC and RPI alleviated this relationship, highlighting the importance of individual coping strategies to oral health.

摘要

背景

欺凌是指针对感到无力自卫的受害者（们）的有意、重复和持续的攻击性行为。它可能会影响青少年的心理健康。一些青少年拥有应对技能，使他们能够克服这些逆境。本研究评估了欺凌、应对能力（SOC）、抵抗同伴影响（RPI）与埃及青少年口腔健康之间的关系。

材料和方法

这是一项于 2023 年 3 月至 12 月在埃及达曼胡尔的 6 所学校进行的横断面调查，参与者为 12-16 岁的青少年。通过临床检查和自我管理问卷收集数据。临床检查评估龋齿（DMFT）、口腔卫生（菌斑指数）和牙龈状况（牙龈指数）。通过（世界卫生组织-儿童形式）评估刷牙频率和糖摄入量，通过（修订版 Olweus 欺负者-受害者问卷）评估欺凌，通过（应对能力量表-短式）评估 SOC，通过（抵抗同伴影响问卷）评估 RPI。自变量为欺凌、SOC 和 RPI。因变量为未治疗龋齿、牙龈炎症和刷牙频率。多变量多层次回归调整潜在混杂因素后评估自变量与因变量之间的关系。计算调整后的回归系数（B）、调整后的优势比（AOR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。评估 SOC 和 RPI 的效应修饰。

结果

应答率为 95.25%（N=602），平均（SD）年龄为 14.01（1.15）。一半的学生（49.83%）为女生。约有 42%的学生有未治疗龋齿，只有 15.78%的学生每天刷牙两次，平均（SD）牙龈指数为 1.57（0.40）。约 25%的学生是受害者，（9.30%）是欺凌者，（18.60%）是欺凌-受害者。受害者每天刷牙两次的可能性显著降低（AOR=0.52，p=0.04）。欺凌者和欺凌-受害者的未治疗龋齿的可能性更高（AOR=1.42，p=0.25），（AOR=1.21，p=0.42）。欺凌与牙龈炎症无关。较高的 SOC 和 RPI 减轻了欺凌对未治疗龋齿和每天刷牙两次的影响。