Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
J Morphol. 2024 Nov;285(11):e21782. doi: 10.1002/jmor.21782.
Literature reports of hyperostosis are often misleading and have been confused with osteomas, a pathological condition. Hyperostotic bones are known to occur only in bony fishes of the class Actinopterygii, within at least 16 orders, 35 families, 89 genera, and 153 species. They are present almost exclusively in marine fishes and exceptionally in a few extinct freshwater species known from hypersaline environments and one extant cichlid. Hyperostosis is best represented in the family Carangidae where it is known to occur in 53 of approximately 181 valid species. We also provide a synthetic report on what we know and what misconceptions exist regarding hyperostosis. Patterns of hyperostosis are often species-specific but provide no useful phylogenetic information. In species known to develop hyperostosis, it is usually not apparent (non-histologically) in juveniles and typically only becomes fully developed in the largest individuals. The timing of hyperostosis on-set in different bones is often sequential rather than simultaneous across different bones. Most marine Neoteleostei have acellular skeletons but histological observations have shown that in species exhibiting hyperostosis, areas of active remodeling are composed primarily of cellular bone characterized by a rich vascular network and bone-resorbing osteoclasts.
文献中对骨肥厚的报道常常存在误导性，且常与骨瘤相混淆，后者是一种病理状况。已知骨肥厚仅发生在硬骨鱼纲的骨鱼中，至少涉及 16 个目、35 个科、89 个属和 153 个种。它们几乎只存在于海洋鱼类中，在一些来自高盐环境的已灭绝淡水物种和一种现存的慈鲷中也有例外。骨肥厚在鲹科中最为常见，在大约 181 种有效种中，有 53 种被认为存在骨肥厚。我们还提供了一份关于我们对骨肥厚了解和存在误解的综合报告。骨肥厚的模式通常是种特异性的，但不能提供有用的系统发育信息。在已知发生骨肥厚的物种中，它在幼体中通常不明显（非组织学上），通常只在最大的个体中完全发育。不同骨骼中骨肥厚的起始时间通常是顺序的，而不是不同骨骼同时发生。大多数海洋新鳍亚纲鱼类具有无细胞骨架，但组织学观察表明，在表现出骨肥厚的物种中，活跃重塑的区域主要由细胞骨组成，其特征是富含血管网络和骨吸收破骨细胞。
