Bourou Maria Zoi, Matsas Alkis, Valsamakis Georgios, Vlahos Nikolaos, Panoskaltsis Theodoros
Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aretaieio University Hospital, Athens, GRC.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 18;16(9):e69678. doi: 10.7759/cureus.69678. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Endometrial cancer (EC) is among the most common gynecological malignancies in developed countries and its occurrence has been increasing dramatically in the past few years. An in-depth knowledge of the causes of endometrial cancer, such as unopposed estrogen, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation, has resulted in the suggestion of numerous interventions to decrease the occurrence of this cancer. Recent research has established a connection between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a higher chance of developing endometrial cancer, suggesting that insulin resistance is a key factor in its onset. Moreover, evidence from both epidemiological and clinical studies indicates that metformin, a drug used to treat diabetes, could possibly help in the prevention of specific types of cancer such as endometrial cancer. The aim of this study is to explore the possible impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) in the non-surgical management of endometrial cancer. GLP-1 has various functions and is produced when nutrients are consumed. Besides promoting the release of insulin, GLP-1 also suppresses the secretion of glucagon and reduces appetite. Moreover, the fact that GLP-1 receptors are found in different organs and tissues such as the brain, lung, pancreas, stomach, heart, and endometrium indicates that GLP-1RAs have multiple functions. Prior research has shown that it triggers apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells. Nevertheless, the precise physiological function of GLP-1 receptors in endometrial cancer still needs to be fully understood.
子宫内膜癌（EC）是发达国家最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一，在过去几年中其发病率急剧上升。对子宫内膜癌病因的深入了解，如无对抗性雌激素、胰岛素抵抗和慢性炎症，促使人们提出了许多降低这种癌症发病率的干预措施。最近的研究已经证实肥胖和2型糖尿病（T2DM）与患子宫内膜癌的几率较高有关，这表明胰岛素抵抗是其发病的关键因素。此外，流行病学和临床研究的证据均表明，用于治疗糖尿病的药物二甲双胍可能有助于预防特定类型的癌症，如子宫内膜癌。本研究的目的是探讨胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）受体激动剂（RAs）在子宫内膜癌非手术治疗中的潜在影响。GLP-1具有多种功能，在摄入营养物质时产生。除了促进胰岛素释放外，GLP-1还抑制胰高血糖素的分泌并降低食欲。此外，在大脑、肺、胰腺、胃、心脏和子宫内膜等不同器官和组织中发现了GLP-1受体，这表明GLP-1受体激动剂具有多种功能。先前的研究表明，它可引发子宫内膜癌细胞的凋亡。然而，GLP-1受体在子宫内膜癌中的确切生理功能仍有待充分了解。
